Severely reduced proliferation and apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells in Cdk5rap2-depleted mESC. Representative, sequential bright field live-cell imaging pictures starting at day 3 after differentiation induction (imaging 65h, pictures taken every 7 min, scale bar 50 μm). (A) In control cultures, cells proliferated rapidly, leading to an extension of the cell clusters, and subsequently migrated into the periphery while still keeping contact to adjacent cells. Monolayers between cell clusters were formed. (B) Cdk5rap2-depleted cell clusters were already much smaller at the beginning of live-cell imaging and cells at the edge of these clusters lost contact to adjacent cells and underwent cell death. Thereby, no viable cells were left at day 5 after differentiation induction (images 50 and 65 h), and no migrating cells were visible. Abbreviations: Co, control; scr, scramble; sh1–4, shRNAi clones 1–4.