Figure 2. The effect of the mother's early-life environment on (A) brood mass at the dispersal stage of development and (B) her lifespan after reproduction.
Mothers raised cross-fostered broods of either 5 (white circles) or 20 larvae (black circles), singlehandedly. A poor quality environment in early life generates mothers that (A) are less effective at raising broods of 20 cross-fostered larvae and (B) exhibit lower subsequent survival than mothers raised in a good quality early-life environment. Mean values with standard error bars are shown.