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. 2014 Nov 11;13(23):3628–3635. doi: 10.4161/15384101.2014.985507

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Arrest-Geroconversion model. Schematic representation of types of senescence (Arrest- red stop sign. Geroconversion – green arrow). (A) Typical arrest-induced senescence. DNA damage-induced senescence. CDK (p21 and 16)–induced senescence. (B) In the presence of rapamycin: geroconversion is slowed down and extended. (C) Oncogene-induced senescence. Oncogenes such as Ras empower growth, cause arrest and then empower geroconversion. (D) Replicative senescence of human cells in culture. Telomere shortening during cell proliferation eventually causes Arrest. Then geroconversion ensures senescence. (E) Replicative senescence of rodent cells in culture. Ovestumulation of mTOR by mitogen/nutrient/oxygen rich medium causes cellular hypertrophy.