Table 1.
Drugs that have the potential to precipitate acute angle closure glaucoma.
| Class of drug | Example of drug | Route of administration | Mechanism of angle closure |
|
| |||
| Adrenergic agonists | Phenylephrine | Eye drops | Pupillary block |
|
| |||
| Ephedrine | Intravenous | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Non-catecholamine adrenergic agonists | Naphazoline | Intranasal | Pupillary block |
|
| |||
| Salbutamol | Inhalation | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Anticholinergics | Tropicamide | Eye drops | Pupillary block |
|
| |||
| Ipratropium bromide | Inhalation | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Promethazine (antihistamine) | Oral | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Botulinum toxin | Periocular (local) | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Cholinergics | Pilocarpine | Eye drops | Forward displacement of lens-iris diaphragm |
|
| |||
| Medications with anticholinergic side effects | Imipramine (tricyclic antidepressant) | Oral | Pupillary block |
|
| |||
| Fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) | Oral | Pupillary block | |
|
| |||
| Sulfa-based agents | Topiramate | Oral | Ciliochoroidal effusion leading to forward displacement of lens-iris diaphragm |
|
| |||
| Acetazolamide | Oral | Ciliochoroidal effusion leading to forward displacement of lens-iris diaphragm | |
|
| |||
| Anticoagulants | Heparin | Subcutaneous | Forward displacement of lens-iris diaphragm |
|
| |||