Figure 5.

Characteristics of the seven NDUFV1 variants of complex I isolated from Y. lipolytica that retain catalytic activities. Top: the dissociation temperature of the flavin from complex I, measured using the ThermoFMN assay, relative to the WT value of 51.9 ± 0.2°C. Middle: flavin-site catalytic activity measurements using 100 µm NADH and 1 mm APAD⁺, 3.5 mm HAR and 0.25 mm paraquat, respectively. Bottom: reactive oxygen species production measured using the Amplex Red assay for H₂O₂ production at two NADH concentrations.