The sequential codes and transition patterns in (a) an adult female chimpanzee and (b) a juvenile offspring. The thickness of arrows indicates the frequency of shifting patterns. The numerals indicated the number of each manipulated stone (such as 39, 130, 1391, 401 and N04), intact nut (0), kernel of opened nut (1), shells of opened nut (2). The action codes are listed in table 1.