Table 1.

BHS MPAs ecological monitoring site summary. The table includes the total number of baseline reef sites monitored in BHS MPAs, the number of sites remaining within each MPA following statistical matching, and the timelines of establishment, effective enforcement and baseline monitoring of each MPA. The second column lists the number of sites in the MPA prior to statistical matching, while the third column lists the number of ‘matched’ sites from each MPA remaining following statistical matching (some sites within the MPA were dropped if there were no suitable control sites identified); numbers in parentheses indicate how many sites were dropped. The fourth column is the year of effective enforcement in the MPA, which meets the following parameters: (i) patrol is established (both community-based patrol or joint patrol), (ii) prosecution processes and sanctions are happening in the local community and (iii) patrol log/records are present and used for future enforcement strategy. The fifth column indicates the year the MPA zoning plan was formalized and recognized.

MPA	total no. sites	no. ‘matched’ sites	year of baseline monitoring	year of effective enforcement	MPA zoning plan formalized
Dampier	28	23 (5)	2012	2012	2013
Kofiau-Boo	19	18 (1)	2010	2011	2012
Mayalibit	12	11 (1)	2012	2011	2012
Misool	24	18 (6)	2011	2012	2012
Raja Ampat	16	16 (0)	2011–2012	n.a.	2009
Wayag	9	9 (0)	2012	2008	2009
Controls	53	31 (22)	2012–2014	n.a.	n.a.