Table 2. Torsion values for the extant taxa.

Extent species descriptive statistics^a for torsion angles^b.

Taxon	MC1	MC2	MC3	MC4	MC5
H. sapiens	6.5	−14.0	−21.2	9.6	10.9
	8.1	7.2	6.8	7.6	7.0
	43	46	43	42	38
P. troglodytes	−16.7	−12.9	−6.5	2.4	5.5
	5.7	6.7	6.3	7.1	9.1
	27	39	40	40	39
G. gorilla	−7.9	−11.5	−9.4	2.7	10.1
	8.9	5.8	7.7	5.7	8.7
	39	42	44	44	44
P. pygmaeus	10.8	−18.6	−9.8	3.5	6.2
	10.6	8.8	8.2	6.4	6.0
	29	29	29	29	29

Notes.

^aThe mean is presented on the first line, standard deviation on the second, and sample size on the third.

^bIn degrees. Positive values represent heads with their palmar side that are twisted ulnarly relative to the base (away from the thumb), negative values represent heads twisted radially (turned towards the thumb).