Table 5. Extant taxa comparisons of torsion values.

Post hoc comparisons of torsion values with Bonferroni adjustment^a.

Metacarpal	Taxa	H. sapiens	P. troglodytes	G. gorilla	P. pygmaeus
MC1	Homo sapiens		23.2	14.4	−4.3
	Pan troglodytes	<0.001		−8.8	−27.5
	Gorilla gorilla	<0.001	<0.001		−18.7
	Pongo pygmaeus	0.2	<0.001	<0.001
MC2	Homo sapiens		−1.1	−2.4	4.6
	Pan troglodytes	1		−1.3	5.7
	Gorilla gorilla	0.7	1		7.1
	Pongo pygmaeus	0.04	0.007	<0.001
MC3	Homo sapiens		−14.7	−11.7	−11.4
	Pan troglodytes	<0.001		2.9	3.3
	Gorilla gorilla	<0.001	0.4		0.3
	Pongo pygmaeus	<0.001	0.4	1
MC4	Homo sapiens		7.2	7.0	6.2
	Pan troglodytes	<0.001		−0.2	−1.0
	Gorilla gorilla	<0.001	1		−0.8
	Pongo pygmaeus	0.001	1	1
MC5	Homo sapiens		5.4	0.8	4.7
	Pan troglodytes	0.02		−4.6	−0.7
	Gorilla gorilla	1	0.06		3.9
	Pongo pygmaeus	0.1	1	0.2

Notes.

^aValues above the diagonal are absolute mean differences of the pair-wise comparison (row–column), values below are significance of the test (values at 0.05 or less are in bold).