Table 3. Serial mediation analysis to identify direct and indirect effects between extraversion and happiness.
| 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | Path | Coefficient | SE | LL | UL |
| Direct effect of E on QSR | a 1 | 1.0828*** | .1848 | .7202 | 1.4454 |
| Direct effect of E on ERA | a 2 | .0036 | .0032 | −.0028 | .0099 |
| Direct effect of QSR on ERA | a 3 | .0022*** | .0005 | .0011 | .0033 |
| Direct effect of QSR on H | b 1 | .0467*** | .0071 | .0327 | .0606 |
| Direct effect of ERA on H | b 2 | 1.9333*** | .4107 | 1.1273 | 2.7393 |
| Total effect of E on H, without accounting for QSR and ERA | c | .4185*** | .0426 | .3348 | .5021 |
| Direct effect of E on H when accounting for QSR and ERA | c′ | .3564*** | .0419 | .2743 | .4386 |
| Total indirect effect | ab | .0620 | .0149 | .0353 | .0946 |
| Indirect via QSR | a 1 b 1 | .0505 | .0136 | .0272 | .0810 |
| Indirect via QSR and ERA | a 1 a 3 b 2 | .0046 | .0018 | .0019 | .0096 |
| Indirect via ERA | a 2 b 2 | .0069 | .0069 | −.0054 | .0224 |
| Happiness total effect modela (R2 = .25***) | |||||
Notes.
- Coefficient
- nonstandardized B coefficients
- SE
- standard errors
- CI
- bias-corrected and accelerated 95% confidence interval
- LL
- lower limit
- UL
- upper limit
- E
- extraversion
- H
- happiness
- QSR
- quality of social relationship
- ERA
- emotion regulation ability; 10,000 bootstrap samples
a
Age, sex, and neuroticism were covaried.
***
p < .001.
N = 1,006.