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. 2015 Jun 3;14(12):1893–1907. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1041686

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Involvements of PGRN in palmitate (palm)-induced IR in vitro. Control cells and PGRN-/- cells were pre-incubated with 0.5 mM palmitate for 16 h prior to incubation with 10 nM insulin (Ins) for 10 min. (A–C) PGRN content in culture media of cells with or without palmitate treatment. (D) The phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, PERK, and eIF2α in hepatocytes. (E) The phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, PERK, and eIF2α in adipocytes. (F) The phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, PERK, and eIF2α in L6 cells. The right is the quantification of proteins phosphorylation with normalization to total protein levels for each molecule under this condition. A representative blot is shown and all graphs show means ± SEM from at least 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the control groups. #P < 0.05 vs. the palmitate-treated groups.