. 2016 Mar 1;194:626–636. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.043

Table 2.

Means of percentage relative abundance with standard error and significant differences (p ⩽ 0.05) of volatile compounds detected in the headspace of rocket accessions. Values expressed as percentage of the total volatiles detected per sample.

VOC	Cultivar and day of sampling (% of total volatiles detected)
SR2			SR3			SR5			SR6			SR12			SR14			SR19
0	3	7	0	3	7	0	3	7	0	3	7	0	3	7	0	3	7	0	3	7
C1	22.4 ± 0.4^abc	30.5 ± 2.7^bc	25.6 ± 6.2^abc	14.8 ± 2.9^ab	49.9 ± 0.9^c	22.5 ± 4.9^abc	10.5 ± 8.6^ab	nd^a	1.9 ± 1.0^ab	4.7 ± 3.8^ab	20.6 ± 2.9^ab	17.9 ± 7.3^ab	2.5 ± 2.0^ab	19.7 ± 4.1^ab	3.2 ± 1.5^ab	13.4 ± 8.6^ab	19.8 ± 4.9^ab	9.3 ± 4.1^ab	12.3 ± 5.1^ab	8.4 ± 1.4^ab	3.3 ± 1.9^ab
C2	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^c	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C3	1.2 ± 0.1^ab	1.5 ± 0.2^b	1.3 ± 0.2^ab	1.5 ± 0.3^b	0.7 ± 0.3^ab	1.4 ± 0.7^ab	0.5 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.2 ± 0.2^ab	0.7 ± 0.1^ab	0.5 ± 0.2^ab	1.5 ± 0.2^b	nd^a	nd^a	1.3 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.2 ± 0.2^ab	nd^a	nd^a
C4	1.9 ± 0.1^a	4.7 ± 1.0^a	4.2 ± 1.0^a	2.0 ± 0.2^a	2.6 ± 0.9^a	4.3 ± 2.2^a	1.3 ± 0.5^a	1.0 ± 0.6^a	0.9 ± 0.6^a	1.4 ± 0.3^a	1.8 ± 0.3^a	1.8 ± 0.3^a	1.8 ± 0.2^a	1.2 ± 0.2^a	0.6 ± 0.2^a	1.9 ± 0.2^a	3.0 ± 0.4^a	2.7 ± 1.5^a	2.2 ± 0.3^a	1.8 ± 0.7^a	0.5 ± 0.1^a
C5	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C6	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C7	4.3 ± 0.5^abc	6.5 ± 1.6^abc	4.8 ± 0.5^abc	7.7 ± 2.1^abc	5.8 ± 0.5^abc	4.9 ± 2.2^abc	4.7 ± 1.6^abc	1.4 ± 1.1^ab	1.2 ± 0.9^ab	7.3 ± 1.8^abc	2.5 ± 0.6^abc	2.1 ± 0.8^abc	9.9 ± 1.7^c	2.4 ± 0.7^abc	0.4 ± 0.2^a	7.7 ± 2.4^abc	2.2 ± 0.8^abc	nd^a	8.9 ± 0.9^bc	1.0 ± 0.5^ab	0.3 ± 0.2^a
C8	0.7 ± 0.2^ab	nd^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	3.1 ± 1.6^ab	nd^a	0.6 ± 0.2^ab	0.4 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	3.5 ± 1.5^ab	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	5.5 ± 1.7^b	0.4 ± 0.2^a	nd^a	3.4 ± 1.9^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.9 ± 1.0^ab	nd^a	nd^a
C9	0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^c	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± <0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a
C10	1.0 ± <0.1^ab	3.0 ± 0.6^bc	2.8 ± 0.7^bc	1.2 ± 0.2^abc	4.0 ± 0.8^c	2.1 ± 0.8^abc	1.0 ± 0.3^ab	0.8 ± 0.6^ab	0.6 ± 0.5^ab	1.0 ± 0.1^ab	1.1 ± 0.1^ab	1.1 ± 0.3^ab	1.3 ± 0.2^abc	0.9 ± 0.1^ab	0.4 ± 0.2^ab	1.3 ± 0.1^abc	1.5 ± 0.7^abc	nd^a	1.5 ± 0.1^abc	1.2 ± 0.4^abc	0.4 ± 0.1^ab
C11	0.4 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.0 ± 0.4^ab	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.2^ab	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.4 ± 0.6^ab	nd^a	nd^a	1.6 ± 0.5^b	0.3 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	1.1 ± 0.5^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.8 ± 0.2^ab	nd^a	nd^a
C12	0.2 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± <0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± <0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a	0.5 ± 0.1^c	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± 0.1^bc	nd^a	nd^a
C13	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± <0.1^ab	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.9 ± 0.4^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± 0.2^ab	0.2 ± 0.2^ab	nd^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	nd^a
C14	39.3 ± 5.4^a	1.0 ± 2.9^a	25.0 ± 2.5^a	36.9 ± 14.1^a	12.5 ± 4.0^a	12.5 ± 3.8^a	14.1 ± 1.9^a	9.9 ± 5.0^a	20.7 ± 14.0^a	17.0 ± 1.4^a	23.9 ± 7.8^a	17.0 ± 6.6^a	14.3 ± 1.1^a	10.4 ± 3.6^a	4.7 ± 2.1^a	15.7 ± 1.9^a	38.0 ± 5.5^a	8.6 ± 4.3^a	24.2 ± 5.2^a	17.5 ± 3.4^a	4.9 ± 3.2^a
C15	12.2 ± 2.6^abc	4.8 ± 2.8^abc	6.8 ± 2.8^abc	18.7 ± 5.6^c	3.4 ± 1.6^abc	12.9 ± 5.4^abc	6.9 ± 1.6^abc	2.1 ± 1.4^ab	1.7 ± 1.2^ab	15.3 ± 1.8^abc	6.1 ± 1.2^abc	5.2 ± 2.0^abc	16.5 ± 1.2^bc	7.3 ± 2.5^abc	2.1 ± 0.5^ab	11.7 ± 3.3^abc	nd^a	nd^a	17.4 ± 3.2^bc	2.0 ± 1.4^ab	nd^a
C16	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.4 ± 1.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C17	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C18	0.2 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C19	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.9 ± 0.4^a	1.2 ± 0.9^a	nd^a	2.3 ± 1.4^a	nd^a	nd^a	3.3 ± 1.4^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	1.8 ± 1.4^a	nd^a	nd^a	2.2 ± 1.8^a	nd^a	nd^a
C20	1.2 ± 0.2^a	1.5 ± 0.6^a	1.5 ± 0.6^a	0.7 ± 0.3^a	nd^a	0.7 ± 0.2^a	4.3 ± 1.0^a	3.4 ± 1.6^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	1.1 ± 0.3^a	1.6 ± 0.5^a	0.6 ± 0.2^a	1.3 ± 0.2^a	1.3 ± 0.4^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.8 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	2.4 ± 0.5^a	4.7 ± 2.4^a	0.3 ± 0.2^a
C21	0.1 ± <0.1^a	14.3 ± 4.7^abcd	11.7 ± 3.5^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	8.7 ± 2.8^abc	12.9 ± 9.9^abcd	0.2 ± <0.1^a	36.9 ± 7.5^cd	27.2 ± 5.7^abcd	0.1 ± <0.1^a	11.1 ± 2.8^abcd	24.7 ± 10.0^abcd	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	15.8 ± 2.5^abcd	36.8 ± 2.6^cd	0.1 ± <0.1^a	13.3 ± 1.2^abcd	23.5 ± 7.1^abcd	0.3 ± <0.1^ab	30.4 ± 4.8^bcd	40.9 ± 3.5^d
C22	nd^a	7.6 ± 3.4^abc	8.2 ± 4.1^abc	nd^a	4.2 ± 1.8^ab	17.7 ± 9.9^abc	0.2 ± 0.1^a	27.1 ± 7.6^abc	43.3 ± 12.8^abc	nd^a	9.9 ± 3.3^abc	21.3 ± 10.8^abc	nd^a	25.9 ± 6.4^abc	48.2 ± 3.0^c	nd^a	6.3 ± 3.4^abc	46.0 ± 19.4^bc	nd^a	30.9 ± 0.6^abc	48.9 ± 2.6^c
C23	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a
C24	<0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a
C25	nd^a	1.1 ± 0.7^ab	1.5 ± 0.8^ab	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	1.8 ± 0.6^ab	0.3 ± 0.2^a	nd^a	0.4 ± 0.2^a	1.5 ± 0.8^ab	nd^a	2.6 ± 0.8^ab	2.1 ± 1.3^ab	nd^a	10.0 ± 5.2^b	7.8 ± 2.7^ab	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C26	1.9 ± 0.3^abc	5.0 ± 0.6^c	3.3 ± 0.7^abc	1.3 ± 0.3^abc	4.6 ± 1.4^bc	2.1 ± 0.9^abc	2.8 ± 0.4^abc	1.8 ± 0.8^abc	0.7 ± 0.4^ab	3.2 ± 0.3^abc	2.0 ± 0.3^abc	1.5 ± 0.4^abc	1.9 ± 0.3^abc	1.4 ± 0.3^abc	0.6 ± 0.3^ab	2.7 ± 0.4^abc	2.7 ± 0.7^abc	1.9 ± 1.0^abc	2.1 ± 0.1^abc	1.4 ± 0.5^abc	0.4 ± <0.1^a
C27	<0.1 ± <0.1^c	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C28	nd^a	nd^a	1.3 ± 0.6^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C29	0.4 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	0.1 ± 0.1^a	1.8 ± 0.7^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± <0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	0.3 ± <0.1^a	0.4 ± 0.2^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C30	10.4 ± 1.4^cd	nd^a	nd^a	7.0 ± 2.9^abc	nd^a	4.7 ± 2.1^abc	6.2 ± 1.1^abc	nd^a	nd^a	10.8 ± 1.3^cd	3.8 ± 0.4^abc	1.0 ± 0.4^ab	12.1 ± 1.6^cd	3.7 ± 1.6^abc	0.6 ± 0.1^ab	16.7 ± 3.5^d	nd^a	nd^a	8.9 ± 1.8^bcd	nd^a	nd^a
C31	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.4 ± 0.2^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C32	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	3.3 ± 1.4^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C33	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± 0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C34	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	2.2 ± 0.9^ab	nd^a	nd^a	3.9 ± 0.5^b	nd^a	nd^a	3.1 ± 1.5^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C35	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± <0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.5 ± 0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	nd^a
C36	1.5 ± 0.9^a	7.6 ± 3.3^a	nd^a	2.4 ± 1.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	41.7 ± 16.8^b	11.2 ± 2.9^a	0.4 ± 0.2^a	15.8 ± 7.0^ab	12.1 ± 6.2^a	2.9 ± 1.3^a	7.4 ± 3.2^a	4.8 ± 3.3^a	nd^a	8.2 ± 2.5^a	nd^a	nd^a	11.2 ± 1.6^a	nd^a	nd^a
C37	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^c	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C38	0.3 ± <0.1^a	1.6 ± 0.4^ab	1.4 ± 0.2^ab	0.2 ± 0.1^a	3.0 ± 1.2^b	0.1 ± 0.1^a	1.2 ± 0.1^ab	1.2 ± 0.3^ab	0.5 ± 0.2^ab	0.4 ± 0.1^ab	0.9 ± 0.4^ab	0.5 ± 0.2^ab	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.4 ± 0.3^ab	nd^a	0.3 ± <0.1^a	2.3 ± 1.1^ab	nd^a	0.5 ± <0.1^ab	0.5 ± 0.3^ab	0.1 ± 0.1^a
C39	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C40	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	0.3 ± <0.1^a	0.5 ± 0.2^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a
C41	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	9.0 ± 0.2^b	nd^a	nd^a	7.7 ± 0.4^b	nd^a	nd^a	6.9 ± 3.0^b	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a	nd^a
C42	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.1^ab	0.3 ± 0.1^ab	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.7 ± 0.3^b	0.1 ± 0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	nd^a	nd^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	nd^a	0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a	<0.1 ± <0.1^a

nd = not detected.

Superscript letters in the same row indicate differing levels of significance for each respective cultivar across all sampling days (ANOVA Tukey’s HSD test; (p = ⩽0.05)).