TABLE 3.
Treatment Philosophy and Availability of Psychosocial Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) with Comparison by Adoption of AUD Pharmacotherapy
| Full Sample Mean (SD) or % (N) |
Offers AUD Pharmacotherapy Mean (SD) or % (N) |
No AUD Pharmacotherapy Mean (SD) or % (N) |
χ2 or t Test (Two Tailed) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Philosophy | ||||
| Twelve-step model | 3.1 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.7) | t = −0.61, df = 358, p = .542 |
| Strengths-based | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.1 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.3) | t = −1.02, df = 353, p = .310 |
| Patient-centered | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.3 (1.1) | t = −1.02, df = 355, p = .311 |
| Social learning/life skills | 3.3 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.5) | t = 0.94, df = 353, p = .350 |
| Spiritual counseling | 2.2 (1.6) | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.6) | t = 0.82, df = 352, p = .412 |
| Biofeedback | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.2) | t = 1.09, df = 354, p = .278 |
| Relapse prevention | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.5 (0.8) | t = 0.89, df = 355, p = .370 |
| Confrontational group therapy | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.5) | t = 1.27, df = 355, p = .205 |
| Supportive group therapy | 4.2 (1.2) | 4.0 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.1) | t = 1.38, df = 355, p = .169 |
| Task-oriented and problem-solving group therapy | 3.4 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.4 (1.2) | t = 1.56, df = 355, p = .120 |
| Supportive individual counseling | 4.0 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.1 (1.1) | t = 1.50, df = 354, p = .135 |
| Individual psychotherapy | 2.4 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.3 (1.8) | t = −1.67, df = 354, p = .096 |
| Individual behavioral therapy | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.6) | t = −0.19, df = 354, p = .850 |
| Family counseling | 2.7 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.7 (1.5) | t = −0.72, df = 354, p = .471 |
| Medical model of addiction | 2.8 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.5) | 2.7 (1.7) | t = −1.94, df = 353, p = .054 |
| Use of medications | 2.0 (1.8) | 3.3 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.7) | t = −8.27, df = 354, p < .001 |
| Adoption of specific psycho-social EBPs | ||||
| Motivational incentives (contingency management) | 20.9% (75) | 22.6% (19) | 20.7% (56) | χ2 = 0.71, df = 1, p = .135 |
| Motivational interviewing during assessment | 78.7% (277) | 79.3% (65) | 79.3% (210) | χ2 = 0.00, df = 1, p = .996 |
| Motivational enhancement therapy | 22.2% (78) | 16.5% (14) | 23.9% (63) | χ2 = 2.04, df = 1, p = .153 |
| Cognitive-behavioral therapy | 57.3% (205) | 58.3 (49) | 57.3% (154) | χ2 = 0.03, df = 1, p = .861 |
AUD, alcohol use disorder. Treatment philosophy measures extent of emphasis placed on the approach with a range from 0 (no extent) to 5 (very great extent).