Table 2.

Localization of hairpins within transcripts: opportunities and concerns

localization		research purposes	disadvantages
in the 5’ UTR		protein binding	nonsense peptide production, decreased protein level
in the ORF	intron	splicing localization	splicing alteration
	exon	alternative splicing	protein alteration
between the ORF and the 3’ UTR		mRNA localization	decreased protein level
in the 3’ UTR		protein binding	protein binding prevention, transport alteration