Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, by wrist fracture, among WHI CT and OS participantsa
| Wrist Fractureb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Total | No | Yes | ||
|
| ||||
| 160,930 | 152,138 | 8,792 | ||
|
| ||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p-value | |
| Age, years | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 63.2 (7.2) | 63.2 (7.2) | 64.6 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| <55 | 21,430 (13.3) | 20,570 (13.5) | 860 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| 55–59 | 31,804 (19.8) | 30,325 (19.9) | 1,479 (16.8) | |
| 60–64 | 37,016 (23.0) | 35,163 (23.1) | 1,853 (21.1) | |
| 65–69 | 35,227 (21.9) | 33,013 (21.7) | 2,214 (25.2) | |
| 70–74 | 24,781 (15.4) | 23,175 (15.2) | 1,606 (18.3) | |
| 75–79 | 10,672 (6.6) | 9,892 (6.5) | 780 (8.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 133,032 (82.9) | 125,059 (82.4) | 7,973 (90.9) | <0.001 |
| Black or African-American | 14,469 (9.0) | 14,159 (9.3) | 310 (3.5) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 6,329 (3.9) | 6,108 (4.0) | 221 (2.5) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 4,158 (2.6) | 4,014 (2.6) | 144 (1.6) | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 703 (0.4) | 669 (0.4) | 34 (0.4) | |
| Unknown | 1,830 (1.1) | 1,741 (1.1) | 89 (1.0) | |
| Missing | 409 | 388 | 21 | |
|
| ||||
| Education | ||||
| ≤High school diploma | 35,962 (22.5) | 34,184 (22.6) | 1,778 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| Some college/vocational school | 60,610 (37.9) | 57,318 (38.0) | 3,292 (37.7) | |
| College degree or higher | 63,151 (39.5) | 59,483 (39.4) | 3,668 (42.0) | |
| Missing | 1,207 | 1,153 | 54 | |
|
| ||||
| Clinical Trial Participant | ||||
| No | 93,049 (57.8) | 87,981 (57.8) | 5,068 (57.6) | 0.731 |
| Yes | 67,881 (42.2) | 64,157 (42.2) | 3,724 (42.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 28.0 (5.9) | 28.0 (6.0) | 27.3 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 1,390 (0.9) | 1,307 (0.9) | 83 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Normal (18.5 – 24.9) | 54,697 (34.3) | 51,443 (34.1) | 3,254 (37.4) | |
| Overweight (25.0 – 29.9) | 55,419 (34.7) | 52,265 (34.7) | 3,154 (36.2) | |
| Obesity I (30.0 – 34.9) | 29,547 (18.5) | 28,110 (18.6) | 1,437 (16.5) | |
| Obesity II (35.0 – 39.9) | 12,089 (7.6) | 11,552 (7.7) | 537 (6.2) | |
| Extreme Obesity III (>= 40) | 6,377 (4.0) | 6,134 (4.1) | 243 (2.8) | |
| Missing | 1,411 | 1,327 | 84 | |
|
| ||||
| Use of estrogen alone or estrogen + progestogen | ||||
| Never used | 70,390 (43.8) | 66,076 (43.5) | 4,314 (49.1) | <0.001 |
| Past userc | 25,794 (16.0) | 24,189 (15.9) | 1,605 (18.3) | |
| Current user | 64,607 (40.2) | 61,743 (40.6) | 2,864 (32.6) | |
| Missing | 139 | 130 | 9 | |
|
| ||||
| Fracture at Age 55+ | ||||
| No | 102,551 (71.2) | 97,563 (71.5) | 4,988 (65.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 20,130 (14.0) | 18,366 (13.5) | 1,764 (23.2) | |
| Age <55 | 21,430 (14.9) | 20,570 (15.1) | 860 (11.3) | |
| Missing | 16,819 | 15,639 | 1,180 | |
|
| ||||
| Falls (last 12 months) | ||||
| None | 104,167 (67.5) | 99,060 (67.9) | 5,107 (60.8) | <0.001 |
| 1 time | 30,952 (20.1) | 29,067 (19.9) | 1,885 (22.4) | |
| 2 times | 12,810 (8.3) | 11,909 (8.2) | 901 (10.7) | |
| 3 or more times | 6,442 (4.2) | 5,934 (4.1) | 508 (6.0) | |
| Missing | 6,559 | 6,168 | 391 | |
|
| ||||
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Non-drinker | 17,498 (11.0) | 16,535 (10.9) | 963 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Past drinker | 29,884 (18.7) | 28,458 (18.8) | 1,426 (16.4) | |
| <1 drink per month | 19,838 (12.4) | 18,774 (12.4) | 1,064 (12.2) | |
| <1 drink per week | 32,782 (20.5) | 31,026 (20.5) | 1,756 (20.2) | |
| 1 to <7 drinks per week | 41,029 (25.7) | 38,634 (25.6) | 2,395 (27.5) | |
| 7+ drinks per week | 18,692 (11.7) | 17,583 (11.6) | 1,109 (12.7) | |
| Missing | 1,207 | 1,128 | 79 | |
|
| ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never Smoked | 81,007 (51.0) | 76,612 (51.0) | 4,395 (50.7) | 0.004 |
| Past Smoker | 66,783 (42.0) | 63,037 (42.0) | 3,746 (43.2) | |
| Current Smoker | 11,048 (7.0) | 10,512 (7.0) | 536 (6.2) | |
| Missing | 2,092 | 1,977 | 115 | |
|
| ||||
| Total MET-hours per weekd | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.4 (13.7) | 12.4 (13.7) | 13.3 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Quartile 1 | 38,858 (25.3) | 36,973 (25.5) | 1,885 (22.7) | <0.001 |
| Quartile 2 | 37,765 (24.6) | 35,807 (24.7) | 1,958 (23.6) | |
| Quartile 3 | 38,309 (25.0) | 36,128 (24.9) | 2,181 (26.2) | |
| Quartile 4 | 38,566 (25.1) | 36,281 (25.0) | 2,285 (27.5) | |
| Missing | 7,432 | 6,949 | 483 | |
|
| ||||
| Supplemental Calcium (mg) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 354.9 (569.9) | 353.5 (571.4) | 379.4 (542.7) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
|
| ||||
| Supplemental Vitamin D (IU) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 196 (248) | 195 (247) | 209 (249) | <0.001 |
| None | 83,741 (52.0) | 79,404 (52.2) | 4,337 (49.3) | <0.001 |
| <400 IU | 16,227 (10.1) | 15,304 (10.1) | 923 (10.5) | |
| 400 IU | 45,427 (28.2) | 42,853 (28.2) | 2,574 (29.3) | |
| >400 IU | 15,533 (9.7) | 14,575 (9.6) | 958 (10.9) | |
| Missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
|
| ||||
| Bisphosphonates | ||||
| No | 157,773 (98.0) | 149,252 (98.1) | 8,521 (96.9) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3,155 (2.0) | 2,884 (1.9) | 271 (3.1) | |
| Missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
a
Values expressed as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
b
Includes wrist fractures (radius, ulna, carpal bones) through the end of WHI extension phase
c
Past hormone therapy use was defined as the use of an estrogen- or progestogen-containing pill or transdermal patch for 3 months or longer following menopause
d
MET denotes metabolic equivalent of task