TABLE 3.
Post Hoc Comparisons on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index1 Total Score for Younger and Older Participants (alpha = 0.0005)
| Age Group | Time of Evaluation | Comparison | Estimate | Standard Error | t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger: Mean minus 1 standard deviation = 15 years old | Baseline | MTBI versus OI | 0.9796 | 0.7833 | 1.25 | 0.2121 |
| MTBI versus NIC | 2.2547 | 0.9109 | 2.48 | 0.0139 | ||
| OI versus NIC | 1.2750 | 0.9368 | 1.36 | 0.1745 | ||
| 1 month | MTBI versus OI | 1.5548 | 0.7132 | 2.18 | 0.0301 | |
| MTBI versus NIC | 1.24 | 0.8769 | 1.42 | 0.1577 | ||
| OI versus NIC | −0.3127 | 0.8973 | −.35 | 0.7277 | ||
| 3 months | MTBI versus OI | 1.7967 | 0.7503 | 2.39 | 0.0173 | |
| MTBI versus NIC | 1.1312 | 0.9123 | 1.24 | 0.2160 | ||
| OI versus NIC | −0.6655 | 0.9427 | −0.71 | 0.4808 | ||
| Older: Mean plus 1 standard deviation = 25 years old | Baseline | MTBI versus OI | 1.4865 | 0.6998 | 2.12 | 0.0345 |
| MTBI versus NIC | 2.3036 | 0.7844 | 2.94 | 0.0036 | ||
| OI versus NIC | 0.8171 | 0.7774 | 1.05 | 0.2941 | ||
| 1 month | MTBI versus OI | 2.5948 | 0.6561 | 3.95 | < 0.0001 | |
| MTBI versus NIC | 4.2256 | 0.7690 | 5.50 | < 0.0001 | ||
| OI versus NIC | 1.6308 | 0.7692 | 2.12 | 0.0349 | ||
| 3 months | MTBI versus OI | 3.5958 | 0.6857 | 5.24 | < 0.0001 | |
| MTBI versus NIC | 3.8400 | 0.7937 | 4.84 | < 0.0001 | ||
| OI versus NIC | 0.2441 | 0.7842 | 0.31 | 0.7558 |
Bold type indicates significance at P < 0.05.
MTBI = mild traumatic brain injury. OI = orthopedic injury. NIC = non-injured controls.