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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Toxicol. 2014 Sep 12;88(11):1965–1985. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1357-9

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Single-molecule approaches used in enzymology and structural biology. a Single-molecule FRET, with the PreQ1 riboswitch as an example. b Colocalization single-molecule spectroscopy, applied to the assembly of the spliceosome. c Tracking DNA polymerase activity using fluorescently-labeled NTPs. d Visualizing enzymatic activity using fluorogenic substrates (Eid et al. 2009; Gorris et al. 2007; Hoskins et al. 2011; Suddala et al. 2013)