Table 1.

General Features of the Four Different Adult Phenotypes Expressed in Cardiocondyla obscurior.

	QU	WO	WM	EM
Sex	Female	Female	Male	Male
Winged	Yes	No	Yes	No
Average life span (weeks)	24	8	2	6
Average size (mm)	∼2	∼1.7	∼2.1	∼1.7
Fertility	High	Sterile	Low	Higha
Individuals per colony	5	28	0b	1
Number of ocelli	3	0	3	0
Antennae	Elbowed, long scape	Elbowed, long scape	Short scape	Elbowed, long scape
Gaster pigmentation	Dark	Dark	Dark	Light
Eye size	Medium	Medium	Large	Small
Mandible type	Normal	Normal	Reduced	Enlarged

^aLife long spermatogenesis.

^bWinged males are only produced under lab conditions.