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. 2014 Nov 6;5(6):555–589. doi: 10.4161/19491034.2014.979712

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© 2014 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

© Jens Popken, Alessandro Brero, Daniela Koehler, Volker J Schmid, Axel Strauss, Annegret Wuensch, Tuna Guengoer, Alexander Graf, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Valeri Zakhartchenko, Eckhard Wolf, and Thomas Cremer

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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(See previous page). Global reorganization of nuclear architecture during preimplantation development of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos studied with 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy. Panels A1–A8. Top, middle and bottom x/y-sections from image stacks of 8 DAPI-stained nuclei recorded with 3-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy (3D-CLSM) in an in vitro fertilized 8-cell embryo. All nuclei show the ENP phenotype (Embryonic Nucleus with a Peripheral chromatin arrangement; for a detailed description see Results). Panels B1–B8. Top, middle and bottom x/y-sections from representative DAPI-stained nuclei recorded with CLSM in an IVF 20-cell embryo. Panel B1 exemplifies one of 3 nuclei in this embryo with a persistent ENP phenotype. Panels B4–B8 provide examples for the nuclear phenotype, termed ENC, which was noted in 15 nuclei (Embryonic Nucleus with Conventional chromatin arrangement; for a detailed description see text). Two nuclei (Panels B2 and B3) apparently represent a transition stage between ENPs and ENCs, called ENP/C (for details see text). Bars: 10 μm in panel A1 is representative for all nuclei.