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. 2015 Oct 23;9:394. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00394

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Copyright © 2015 Loonen and Ivanova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simplified representation of the extrapyramidal system of lampreys (left) and humans (right) (Stephenson-Jones et al., 2011, 2012a; Loonen and Ivanova, 2013). In lampreys, the internal and external parts of the globus pallidus are intermingled within the dorsal pallidum but functionally segregated. GPe, globus pallidus externa; GPi, globus pallidus interna; NTP, nucleus tuberculi posterior; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; STh, subthalamic nucleus. Left figure: red, glutamatergic; blue, GABAergic; green, dopaminergic; orange, cholinergic. Right figure: red, excitatory; blue, inhibitory. © A. J. M. Loonen.