Table 7.
Estimates of the bivariate pooled and dynamic RE panel probit breast and cervical cancer model
| Bivariate pooled probit | Bivariate pooled probit | Bivariate RE panel probit | Bivariate RE panel probit | Bivariate RE panel probit without GP | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Cervical | Breast | Cervical | Breast | Cervical | |||||||
| Coeff. | Robust SE | Coeff. | SE | Coeff. | SE | Coeff. | SE | Coeff. | SE | Coeff. | SE | |
| Breast cancer screening 1 year before | 0.351*** | (0.053) | 0.052 | (0.048) | 0.116** | (0.048) | -0.005 | (0.052) | 0.116** | (0.048) | 0.001 | (0.052) |
| Breast cancer screening 2 years before | 0.207*** | (0.046) | 0.043 | (0.048) | -0.009 | (0.048) | -0.002 | (0.052) | -0.009 | (0.048) | 0.005 | (0.052) |
| Breast cancer screening 3 years before | 0.986*** | (0.047) | 0.216*** | (0.047) | 0.797*** | (0.044) | 0.181*** | (0.052) | 0.795*** | (0.044) | 0.187*** | (0.052) |
| Cervical cancer screening 1 year before | 0.009 | (0.041) | 0.419*** | (0.038) | -0.005 | (0.049) | 0.227*** | (0.039) | 0.005 | (0.049) | 0.237*** | (0.039) |
| Cervical cancer screening 2 years before | -0.060 | (0.041) | -0.110*** | (0.036) | -0.087* | (0.048) | -0.291*** | (0.039) | 0.083* | (0.048) | -0.279*** | (0.039) |
| Cervical cancer screening 3 years before | 0.100*** | (0.038) | 0.726*** | (0.039) | 0.083* | (0.046) | 0.555*** | (0.036) | 0.089* | (0.046) | 0.559*** | (0.036) |
| Breast cancer screening in 1992 | 0.096 | (0.064) | 0.001 | (0.072) | 0.103 | (0.065) | -0.005 | (0.071) | ||||
| Breast cancer screening in 1993 | 0.034 | (0.064) | -0.045 | (0.072) | 0.061 | (0.065) | -0.035 | (0.071) | ||||
| Breast cancer screening in 1994 | 0.173*** | (0.066) | 0.258*** | (0.070) | 0.204*** | (0.067) | 0.265*** | (0.069) | ||||
| Cervical cancer screening in 1992 | 0.011 | (0.051) | 0.204*** | (0.044) | 0.017 | (0.051) | 0.202*** | (0.044) | ||||
| Cervical cancer screening in 1993 | 0.068 | (0.051) | 0.206*** | (0.045) | 0.076 | (0.052) | 0.204*** | (0.044) | ||||
| Cervical cancer screening in 1994 | 0.034 | (0.055) | 0.134*** | (0.046) | 0.057 | (0.055) | 0.142*** | (0.046) | ||||
| Longitudinal averaged Xit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||
| Total equivalised HH annual income | -0.009 | (0.011) | 0.012 | (0.009) | 0.004 | (0.015) | 0.004 | (0.013) | 0.004 | (0.015) | 0.002 | (0.013) |
| Living with partner | 0.088** | (0.044) | 0.122*** | (0.046) | 0.036 | (0.115) | 0.098 | (0.086) | 0.034 | (0.115) | 0.095 | (0.085) |
| Number of children in household | -0.218*** | (0.036) | 0.012 | (0.017) | -0.139*** | (0.049) | -0.003 | (0.031) | -0.142*** | (0.049) | -0.012 | (0.031) |
| Secondary education (ISCED) | -0.014 | (0.043) | 0.012 | (0.050) | 0.676 | (0.423) | 0.213 | (0.380) | 0.662 | (0.424) | 0.188 | (0.378) |
| Tertiary education (ISCED) | 0.012 | (0.048) | 0.059 | (0.053) | 0.618 | (0.514) | 0.349 | (0.421) | 0.574 | (0.514) | 0.310 | (0.418) |
| Employed part-time or full-time | -0.126*** | (0.041) | 0.026 | (0.038) | -0.205*** | (0.065) | 0.052 | (0.056) | -0.210*** | (0.065) | 0.043 | (0.056) |
| GP visit during last 12 months | 0.254*** | (0.048) | 0.377*** | (0.046) | 0.195*** | (0.058) | 0.422*** | (0.048) | - | - | - | - |
| Health status good | 0.085* | (0.050) | -0.045 | (0.039) | 0.068 | (0.063) | -0.041 | (0.051) | 0.093 | 0.062 | 0.018 | (0.049) |
| Health status fair | 0.056 | (0.058) | -0.052 | (0.046) | 0.012 | (0.076) | -0.037 | (0.063) | 0.047 | (0.075) | 0.049 | (0.061) |
| Health status poor | 0.055 | (0.078) | -0.037 | (0.064) | 0.002 | (0.101) | -0.068 | (0.089) | 0.042 | (0.100) | 0.033 | (0.088) |
| Health status very poor | 0.007 | (0.133) | -0.146 | (0.107) | 0.045 | (0.151) | -0.261* | (0.145) | 0.089 | (0.151) | -0.161 | (0.144) |
| Status smoking | -0.129** | (0.051) | -0.031 | (0.063) | -0.207* | (0.123) | 0.131 | (0.100) | -0.221* | (0.123) | 0.095 | (0.100) |
| Moved residence within Great Britain | -0.028 | (0.082) | 0.033 | (0.045) | 0.051 | (0.093) | -0.060 | (0.070) | 0.052 | (0.093) | -0.065 | (0.069) |
| Region Scotland | 0.005 | (0.069) | 0.049 | (0.051) | 0.013 | (0.086) | 0.059 | (0.074) | 0.032 | (0.087) | 0.080 | (0.073) |
| Region Wales | 0.071 | (0.074) | -0.112 | (0.081) | 0.144 | (0.096) | -0.112 | (0.091) | 0.155 | (0.097) | -0.104 | (0.090) |
| Ethnic non-white | 0.001 | (0.120) | -0.201* | (0.107) | 0.073 | (0.211) | -0.269 | (0.188) | 0.072 | (0.217) | -0.255 | (0.186) |
| Age between 50 and 64 | 0.625*** | (0.043) | 0.630*** | (0.046) | 0.628*** | (0.046) | ||||||
| Age between 65 and 70 | -0.269*** | (0.092) | -0.706*** | (0.094) | -0.690*** | (0.095) | ||||||
| Age 71 and older | -0.529*** | (0.080) | -1.144*** | (0.098) | -1.114*** | (0.099) | ||||||
| Age between 20 and 24 | 0.678*** | (0.143) | 0.621*** | (0.176) | 0.644*** | (0.175) | ||||||
| Age between 25 and 49 | 0.528*** | (0.066) | 0.480*** | (0.093) | 0.481*** | (0.093) | ||||||
| Age between 50 and 64 | 0.238*** | (0.055) | 0.248*** | (0.068) | 0.242*** | (0.046) | ||||||
| Age 65 and older | -0.707*** | (0.069) | -0.751*** | (0.085) | -0.722*** | (0.084) | ||||||
| Breast screening policy change | 0.426*** | (0.099) | 0.574*** | (0.104) | -0.722*** | (0.084) | ||||||
| Cervical screening policy change | -0.076* | (0.041) | -0.118*** | (0.045) | -0.140*** | (0.044) | ||||||
| Constant | -1.680*** | (0.086) | -1.856*** | (0.087) | -3.676*** | (0.270) | -1.633 | (0.268) | -1.432*** | (0.258) | ||
| σα1 | 0.355*** | (0.036) | 0.370*** | (0.035) | ||||||||
| σα2 | 0.359*** | (0.032) | 0.352*** | (0.031) | ||||||||
| ρ | 0.173*** | (0.028) | 0.170*** | (0.026) | 0.179*** | (0.298) | ||||||
| ρα | 0.219* | (0.121) | 0.214* | (0.117) | ||||||||
Source: BHPS. Balanced panels consisted for breast and cervical cancer screening of 844 women from 11,816 observations. Robust SEs are displayed in parentheses, to account for individual repeated observations in the panel. *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01