Table 3. The change in body composition, visfatin, pancreatic endocrine hormones, HOMA-IR, HOMA cell after hydraulic resistance exercise for 12 weeks.

	Exercise	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise
Weight (kg)	Exercise	62.0 ± 10.0	61.4 ± 10.4	*
	Control	61.9 ± 6.8	62.5 ± 6.9
BMI (kg/m2)	Exercise	23.5 ± 2.7	23.2 ± 2.8	*
	Control	23.5 ± 1.7	23.9 ± 1.5
Muscle mass (kg)	Exercise	40.1 ± 6.1	40.6 ± 6.0
	Control	39.2 ± 4.3	38.9 ± 4.3
Body fat (%)	Exercise	31.3 ± 3.9	29.6 ± 4.7	***
	Control	31.0 ± 3.0	32.0 ± 3.2
Visfatin (ng/mL)	Exercise	2.3 ± 1.5	1.9 ± 0.9	*
	Control	1.8 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 1.5
Insulin (IU/mL)	Exercise	9.1 ± 3.3	4.9 ± 2.8	***
	Control	6.1 ± 2.5	7.8 ± 1.7
Glucagon (pg/mL)	Exercise	85.3 ± 6.7	55.4 ± 13.2
	Control	87.9 ± 5.7	69.5 ± 11.3
Glucose (mg/dL)	Exercise	85.3 ± 7.7	84.9 ± 6.2
	Control	87.9 ± 5.7	91.3 ± 5.8
HOMA-IR	Exercise	1.9 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 0.6	***
	Control	1.3 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.4
HOMA β-cell	Exercise	153.0 ± 48.5	82.4 ± 43.8	***
	Control	89.8 ± 33.3	103.1 ± 28.8