Figure 6. T_FR exhibit an enhanced regulatory phenotype in ex vivo HIV infection.

Tonsil cells were mock-, X4-, or R5-spinoculated and cultured under experimental conditions as indicated. T_FR were then analysed for expression of regulatory receptors and cytokine production by intracellular cytokine staining. (a) Percentage of total (surface and intracellular) T_FR CTLA-4 expression (n=15). (b) Percentage of surface T_FR LAG-3 expression (n=8). (c) Production of IL-10 by T_FR (n=7). (d) Production of TGF-β-1 (measured as LAP) by T_FR (n=5). The horizontal bars of each graph indicate the median value and are listed where appropriate for clarity. Statistical analyses were performed by Friedman (a,b) or Mann–Whitney tests (c,d) and significance is denoted by asterisks where *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001.