Figure 9.

Treatment strategy using cancer immunotherapy utilizing α-gal epitope/anti-Gal antibody reaction for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. The clinical implications of this cancer immunotherapy model are shown. For patients with resectable disease, we plan to employ autologous tumor lysates prepared from surgically resected PDAC that is enzymatically engineered to express α-gal epitopes. For patients with recurrent disease after surgery, additional immunotherapy with either α-gal whole cancer cell-based vaccines or α-gal tumor lysate vaccination (tumors generated in mice) should be assessed. For patients with unresectable and metastatic disease, multimodal therapy, including cancer immunotherapy using either α-gal whole cancer cell-based vaccines or α-gal tumor lysate vaccination (tumors generated in mice) should be conducted.