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CUSUM for the operation time. (A) CUSUM for the total operation time of laparoscopy and robot; the peak point of CUSUM in laparoscopic surgery was the 41st case, and in robotic surgery, the 45th case. (B) CUSUM graph of SCT and docking time in robotic surgery; The peak point of the CUSUM was the 44th case of SCT, and the 21st case of docking time. CUSUM = cumulative sum, SCT = surgeon console time.
