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. 2015 Sep 29;23(4):216–223. doi: 10.1177/1742271X15609367

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Percentage of fetuses ≥ 16 weeks that are active (FA) and make mouthing (MT) and tongue expulsion (TE) movements, according to type of acoustic stimulus. In the group with intravaginal music, there was more FA during the stimulation than in the other two groups (a). Stimulation (stimulus ON) with vaginal music elicited MT (b) and TE (c) in significantly more fetuses than in the other groups. This effect remained in the 5 minutes after the stimulus was discontinued (stimulus OFF). TE was identified between 1 and 4 times in some fetuses in all groups, but ≥5 TEs during stimulation were seen only in fetuses in the vaginal music group (13.3%, white box in c). IV: intravaginal; AB: abdominal