Growth of L. plantarum ST-III in CDM either alone (no added sugar) or supplemented with 1% commercial FOS or 1% glucose. To account for the glucose, fructose, and sucrose in the commercial FOS, cells were also grown in CDM containing equivalent amounts of these sugars. The two sampling points are indicated by dashed lines. Sampling point 1 was chosen for transcriptomic analysis; both of the sampling points were chosen for lipid extraction, the detection of membrane fluidity, and the analysis of metabolites. RT-qPCR was used for the conformation of the expression levels of the key genes at the two sampling points. Data are mean values based on at least three replicates. Error bars indicate standard deviations.