. 2015 Nov;9(4):213–224. doi: 10.1177/2049463715578291

Table 3.

CBT versus waiting list control.

Outcome, study	Results, n (SD); p value
Headache intensity
Basler et al.²³	CBT 3.52 (1.56), WL 3.66 (1.35); ns^a
Richardson and McGrath²⁵	More severe: CBT 3.49 (0.63), WL 4.09 (0.61)^a
	Less severe: CBT 2.75 (1.23), WL 3.16 (0.37)^a
Headache activity
Martin et al.²⁶	CBT 0.207 (0.225), WL 0.434 (0.737); p = 0.057^b
Headache frequency
Richardson and McGrath²⁵	More severe: CBT 12.14 (4.95), WL 18.67 (8.65)^a
	Less severe: CBT 5.00 (3.38), WL 11.13 (8.46)^a
Headache-free days
Basler et al.²³	CBT 3.00 (2.32), WL 3.07 (2.23); p < 0.05
Responder rate
Martin et al.²⁶	>50% reduction in headache rating, n (%): CBT 14 (77.8), WL 3 (23.1); ns^a
	>50% reduction medication use, n (%): CBT 11 (61.1), WL (36.4); ns^a
Richardson and McGrath²⁵	⩾50% reduction in headache activity, n (%): CBT 7^c (47), WL 3^c (18); ns^a
Medication use^d
Basler et al.²³	CBT 1.06 (1.09), WL 1.77 (1.66)^a

SD: standard deviation; CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy. NS: not significant. WL: waiting list.

No p value reported.

Covariate adjusted post-treatment.

Calculated by reviewer.

Neither Martin et al.²⁶ nor Richardson and McGrath²⁵ reported a statistical comparison. Due to an administrative error, data for only half of the participants were available in the study by Richardson and McGrath.²⁵