Table 2.

Comparison of different routes of mucosal vaccine delivery in finfish.

Parameter	Oral delivery	Immersion delivery	Injection delivery
Efficacy	Low	Low/moderate	High
Labor input	Low labor input	Low labor input	Intensive labor input
Size of fish	Unlimited	Unlimited	Limited
Individual handling of fish	No	No	Yes
Open cages in seawater	Highly applicable	Not easily applicable	Not easily applicable
Closed system/cages in freshwater	Highly applicable	Highly applicable	Applicable
Stress	Low	Low	High
Route of exposure	Gut/intestine	Natural portals of entry	Parenteral