Table 1.
Radiation therapy in DIPG.
| Reference | Year/phase | Number of patients (N) | Treatment: total dose (Gy)/total fractions/dose per fraction (Gy) | Imaging | Outcome | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jenkin et al. (44) | 1987/RCT | 33 | 50–60/–/0.8–0.9 | CT | OS: 20% | Patients randomized to RT with and without adjuvant chemotherapy: CCNU, vincristine and prednisone Procarbazine was given at relapse in patients who received chemotherapy only Brain stem gliomas (including DIPG) were included in the study |
| Packer et al. (45) | 1987/pilot | 16 | 64.8/54/1.2 | CT/MRI | Median PFS: 7 months | |
| Freeman et al. (46) | 1988/I–II | 34 | 66/60/1.1 | CT | MST: 11 months OS at 1 year: 48% |
Brain stem gliomas (including DIPG) were included in the study |
| Edwards et al. (47) | 1989/I–II | 34 | 72/72/1 | CT/MRI | MST: 16 months Median TTP: 11 months |
Brain stem gliomas (including DIPG) were included in the study |
| Freeman et al. (48) | 1991/I–II | 57 | 70.2/60/1.17 | CT/MRI | Median TTP: 6 months. MST: 10 months OS at 1 year – 39.6 ± 6.6%, at 2 years – 23 ± 5.8% |
|
| Packer et al. (49) | 1993/I–II | 53 | 72/72/1 | CT/MRI | OS at 1 year – 38 ± 6.5%, at 2 years – 14 ± 5.4%, at 3 years – 8 ± 6.5 | |
| Freeman CR et al. (27) | 1993/I–II | 39 | 75.6/60/1.26 | MRI | Median TTP: 7 months. MST: 10 months OS at 1 year – 39.9 ± 8.3%, at 2 years – 7 ± 4.8% |
|
| Packer et al. (50) | 1994/I–II | 66 | 78/78/1 | CT/MRI | OS at 1 year – 35 ± 6%, at 3 years – 11 ± 6% | |
| Packer et al. (51) | 1996/pilot | 32 | 72/72/1 | MRI | Median TTP: 5 months | Recombinant beta-interferon was used prior to and with RT Brain stem gliomas (including DIPG) were included in the study |
| Lewis et al. (52) | 1997/pilot | 28 | 48.6/27/1.8 50.4/28/1.8 |
CT/MRI | MST: 8.5 months OS at 1 year – 32%, at 2 years – 11% |
Brain stem gliomas (including DIPG) were included in the study Biopsy was done in 10 cases with Grade I/II (n = 4) and Grade-III/IV (n = 6) |
| Janssens et al. (53) | 2009/pilot | 9 | 39/9/3 (n = 8) 33/6/5.5 (n = 1) |
MRI | Median TTP: 4.9 months OS: 8.6 months |
Biopsy proven Grade IV astrocytomas in four patients |
| Negretti et al. (54) | 2011/– | 22 | 49/15/3 | MRI | Median TTP: 5.7 months OS: 7.6 months |
CT, computerized tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression free survival; MST, median survival time; TTP, time to tumor progression.