TABLE 1.

Chronic stimulation of β3-ARs increases expression of genes involved in oxidation, lipogenesis, and glycerol turnover in adipose tissue

	gWAT (% PPIA)			iWAT (% PPIA)			BAT (% PPIA)
Gene	CTL	1D CL	7D CL	CTL	1D CL	7D CL	CTL	1D CL	7D CL
LCAD	1.7 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 1.1	8.5 ± 0.5***	2.7 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.8	6.7 ± 1.0&	70.2 ± 3.2	53.1 ± 4.8	66.2 ± 6.1
Cox8b	2.0 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 1.6	37.3 ± 6.5***	10.3 ± 0.7	29.4 ± 10.8	51.2 ± 5.2&&	439 ± 20.8	191 ± 10##	312 ± 24***
UCP1	0.6 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 1.5	0.1 ± 0.04	25.8 ± 8.1#	17.6 ± 4.7	212 ± 24.2	590 ± 117#	446 ± 48.3
FASN	1.4 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 0.3	11.4 ± 4.0*	4.6 ± 1.8	0.6 ± 0.2	6.6 ± 1.6$	15.8 ± 7.7	4.7 ± 1.5	52.6 ± 8.6*
SCD1	196.5 ± 37	81.8 ± 17.1	791 ± 98***	194 ± 26	53.9 ± 14#	200 ± 47.8$	439 ± 65	206 ± 42.8	816 ± 76**
ACLY	5.2 ± 2.0	2.5 ± 0.3	19.4 ± 3.5**	8.4 ± 2.9	1.4 ± 0.4	10.3 ± 1.9$	19.1 ± 9.2	6.0 ± 1.8	34 ± 8.5
ACC1	1.5 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2#	2.3 ± 0.2&&&	1.8 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.1###	1.2 ± 0.1$$	7.0 ± 2.7	2.5 ± 0.6	11.4 ± 2.6
Gyk	1.1 ± 0.34	14.9 ± 3.1##	2.8 ± 0.5&&	0.6 ± 0.1	26.3 ± 7###	6.5 ± 1.7&&	5.7 ± 0.4	11.9 ± 1###	5.7 ± 0.7&&&
PEPCK	69.3 ± 15	31.4 ± 12.7	228.5 ± 67*	192 ± 44	88.9 ± 9.1	149 ± 37.6	115.9 ± 14	47.6 ± 1.8##	84.1 ± 7.9

CTL, control. Genes involved in oxidation include LCAD, Cox8b, and UCP1; in lipogenesis, FASN, SCD1, ACLY, and ACC1; and in glycerol turnover, Gyk and PEPCK. Mice (male, 8 weeks of age, n = 4) were treated with the β3-AR agonist (CL) for 7 days, adipose tissue depots (gWAT, iWAT, and BAT) were collected after day 1 of CL treatment (1D CL) or on day 7 of treatment (7D CL), and the mRNA expression for indicated genes was measured by qPCR. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. * denotes significant difference from all the other groups (*** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05), ^# denotes difference between control and 1D CL (^### P < 0.001; ^## P < 0.01; ^# P < 0.05), ^& denotes difference between control and 7D CL (^&&& P < 0.001; ^&& P < 0.01; ^& P < 0.05), and ^$ denotes difference between 1D and 7D CL (^$$ P < 0.01 and ^$ P < 0.05).