Table 2.

Model 1: Linear regression model with outcome HRQoL at follow-up wave 2 (cross-sectional analyses, n = 2103)

Factor	β coefficient	Cluster robust 95% CI
Instrumental activities of daily living	0.310	−0.323 to 0.943
Subjective memory impairment (reference: no subjective memory impairment)	−4.184a	−5.545 to −2.823
Age	0.0253	−0.189 to 0.239
Living in an institution (reference: not living in an institution)	3.102	−1.427 to 7.630
Widowed (reference: married)	1.538d	−0.0357 to 3.112
Physical activities (weighted score)	1.855a	0.989 to 2.721
Cognitive activities (weighted score)	1.429b	0.505 to 2.354
Aggravated walking (reference: no impairment)	−10.71a	−12.20 to −9.208
Substantial mobility impairment/disability of walking (reference: no impairment)	−19.14a	−22.39 to −15.90
Mild visual impairment (reference: no impairment)	−2.215c	−4.321 to −0.110
Severe/profound visual impairment (reference: no impairment)	−3.499c	−6.605 to −0.393
Mild hearing loss (reference: no impairment)	−1.154	−2.598 to 0.291
Severe/profound hearing loss (reference: no impairment)	−1.418	−5.836 to 3.001
Comorbidity (weighted score)	−0.239a	−0.372 to −0.106
Sex (reference: females)	3.034b	0.814 to 5.255
Secondary education (reference: primary education)	0.206	−1.348 to 1.760
Tertiary education (reference: primary education)	0.237	−2.044 to 2.519
Constant	65.18a	46.55 to 83.81

^aP<0.001.

^bP<0.01.

^cP<0.05.

^dP<0.10.Regional dummies were also included (not shown).