Table 2.
Secondary outcome variables at 12 months post intervention, with multi-level modelling results (group effects versus usual care)
| Scale | Arm, n at baseline | 12 months post-intervention | Multi-level modelling results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| n | Mean (SD) | n | Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | ||
| PASE | Usual care, 400 | 222 | 122.5 (51.8) | 572 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 342 | 193 | 124.2 (53.3) | 11.19 | 0.194 to 22.191 | 0.05 | ||
| OEP, 362 | 185 | 126.8 (61.3) | 7.48 | −3.826 to 18.794 | 0.20 | ||
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| Phone-FITT | Usual care, 377 | 225 | 47.71 (17.41) | 628 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 316 | 208 | 49.52 (15.95) | 2.303 | −0.531 to 5.137 | 0.11 | ||
| OEP, 354 | 237 | 49.38 (16.50) | 1.340 | −1.494 to 4.174 | 0.35 | ||
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| OPQOL | Usual care, 342 | 185 | 134.80 (14.82) | 444 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 273 | 169 | 132.31 (15.98) | −0.794 | −2.848 to 1.260 | 0.45 | ||
| OEP, 312 | 156 | 133.72 (14.95) | 0.374 | −1.772 to 2.520 | 0.73 | ||
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| SF-12 physical | Usual care, 454 | 217 | 39.11 (5.00) | 583 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 386 | 186 | 38.85 (4.92) | −0.211 | −1.125 to 0.703 | 0.65 | ||
| OEP, 407 | 183 | 39.30 (4.73) | 0.278 | −0.672 to 1.229 | 0.57 | ||
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| SF-12 mental scale | Usual care, 454 | 217 | 49.16 (5.60) | 584 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 387 | 186 | 48.74 (5.81) | −0.430 | −1.506 to 0.646 | 0.43 | ||
| OEP, 407 | 183 | 49.05 (5.11) | −0.172 | −1.291 to 0.947 | 0.76 | ||
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| Balance confidence (CONFbal) | Usual care, 389 | 218 | 12.38 (4.05) | 546 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 330 | 183 | 12.13 (3.65) | −0.529 | −0.998 to −0.061 | 0.03 | ||
| OEP, 353 | 179 | 12.23 (3.71) | −0.545 | −1.033 to −0.057 | 0.03 | ||
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| Social network (MSPSS) | Usual care, 375 | 209 | 67.23(16.54) | 500 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 305 | 183 | 63.27 (17.69) | −2.480 | −5.637 to 0.677 | 0.12 | ||
| OEP, 330 | 171 | 63.46 (18.14) | −2.373 | −5.700 to 0.953 | 0.16 | ||
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| Social network (Lubben Social Network Scale) | Usual care, 392 | 210 | 16.41 (5.79) | 533 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 330 | 181 | 15.68 (5.82) | −0.651 | −1.411 to 0.110 | 0.09 | ||
| OEP, 351 | 180 | 15.43 (5.35) | 0.176 | −0.624 to 0.976 | 0.67 | ||
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| EQ-5D | Usual care, 450 | 212 | 0.68 (0.07) | 558 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 380 | 179 | 0.67 (0.07) | −0.009 | −0.022 to 0.005 | 0.23 | ||
| OEP, 399 | 176 | 0.68 (0.07) | 0.000 | −0.014 to 0.015 | 0.96 | ||
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| FES-I | Usual care, 396 | 220 | 8.94 (3.66) | 561 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 333 | 188 | 9.20 (4.56) | 0.102 | −0.653 to 0.856 | 0.79 | ||
| OEP, 359 | 185 | 9.09 (4.19) | 0.045 | −0.740 to 0.831 | 0.91 | ||
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| OEE +ive | Usual care, 372 | 252 | 3.85 (0.64) | 614 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 309 | 206 | 4.02 (0.55) | 0.130 | 0.043 to 0.216 | 0.003 | ||
| OEP, 349 | 211 | 3.93 (0.65) | 0.083 | −0.006 to0.171 | 0.066 | ||
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| OEE –ive | Usual care, 367 | 248 | 3.96 (0.87) | 595 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| FaME, 320 | 204 | 4.19 (0.75) | 0.200 | 0.077 to 0.323 | 0.001 | ||
| OEP, 339 | 203 | 4.20 (0.710 | 0.252 | 0.077 to 0.323 | 0.001 | ||
FaME = Falls Management Exercise. FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale — International. MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. OEE = Outcome and Expectation for Exercise. OEP = Otago Exercise Programme. OPQOL = Older People’s Quality of Life. PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. SD = standard deviation. SF-12 = 12-item Short Form Health Survey.