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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 23.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Oral Microbiol. 2014 Oct 21;29(6):321–332. doi: 10.1111/omi.12081

Figure 3. PPAD induces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in primary human gingival fibroblasts (PHGF).

Figure 3

Relative expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (A) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) (B), and the concentration of PGE2 (C) in PHGF infected with wt-Pg, ΔPPAD and C351A mutant strains for 3 h at an MOI of 100. Infection with mutant strains was also performed in the presence of purified PPAD (0.066 mU/μL, total 66 mU). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using β-actin as a reference gene. PGE2 concentrations were evaluated by EIA test. Data represent three independent experiments and are expressed as means ± SD (***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; and *, p < 0.05).