Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Trials in the Meta-Analysis of the Risk of Anxiety with Psychostimulants
| Authors | Year | Medication | Stimulant class | Duration of action | Maximum dose | Design | Duration of active treatment | n | Mean age (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gittelman-Klein et al. | 1976 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 60 mg/day | Parallel | 4 weeks | 80 | 8.6 |
| Conners et al. | 1980 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 60mg/day | Parallel | 8 weeks | 60 | 7.9 |
| Werry et al. | 1980 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 0.4 mg/kg/day | Crossover | 3–4 weeks | 30 | 8.4 |
| Rapport et al. | 1985 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 15 mg/day | Crossover | 1 week | 12 | 6–10 |
| Barkley et al. | 1990 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 0.5 mg/kg b.i.d. | Crossover | 7–10 days | 82 | 8.2 |
| Ahmann et al. | 1993 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 0.5mg/kg t.i.d. | Crossover | 7 days | 206 | 9.1 |
| Buitelaar et al. | 1996 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 10 mg b.i.d. | Parallel | 4 weeks | 52 | 9.2 |
| Stein et al. | 1996 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 20 mg t.i.d. | Crossover | 1 week | 25 | 8.0 |
| Gillberg et al. | 1997 | MAS IR | AMP | Short | 45 mg/day | Parallel | 3 months | 56 | 9 |
| Firestone et al. | 1998 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 0.5 mg/kg b.i.d. | Crossover | 7–10 days | 32 | 4.8 |
| Pliszka et al. | 2000 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 50 mg/day | Parallel | 3 weeks | 58 | 8.1 |
| MAS IR | AMP | Short | 30 mg/day | ||||||
| Biederman et al. | 2002 | LDX | AMP | Long | 70 mg/day | Parallel | 3 weeks | 509 | 8.6 |
| Greenhill et al. | 2002 | MPH MR | MPH | Long | 60 mg/day | Parallel | 3 weeks | 316 | 9 |
| McCracken et al. | 2003 | MAS XR | AMP | Long | 30 mg/day | Crossover | 1 week | 49 | 9.5 |
| MAS IR | AMP | Short | 10 mg/day | ||||||
| Stein et al. | 2003 | OROS® MPH | MPH | Long | 54 mg/day | Crossover | 1 week | 47 | 9 |
| Wigal et al. | 2004 | dMPH | MPH | Short | 10 mg b.i.d. | Parallel | 4 weeks | 132 | 9.8 |
| MPH IR | MPH | Short | 20 mg b.i.d. | ||||||
| Gorman et al. | 2006 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 1 mg/kg divided daily | Crossover | 3 weeks | 41 | 9.1 |
| Spencer et al. | 2006 | AMP XR | AMP | Long | 40 mg/day | Parallel | 4 weeks | 287 | 14.2 |
| Wigal et al. | 2006 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 22.5mg/day | Crossover | 7 days | 165 | 3–5 |
| Newcorn et al. | 2008 | OROS® MPH | MPH | Long | 54 mg/day | Parallel | 6 weeks | 293 | 10.2 |
| Childress et al. | 2009 | dMPH ER | MPH | Long | 30 mg/day | Parallel | 5 weeks | 245 | 9.0 |
| Solanto et al. | 2009 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 50 mg/day | Crossover | 1 week | 25 | 8.8 |
| Lee et al. | 2011 | MPH IR | MPH | Short | 0.5 mg/kg/day | Crossover | 1 week | 157 | 9.0 |
MPH, methylphenidate; IR, immediate release; MAS, mixed amphetamine salts; AMP, amphetamine; LDX, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate; MR, modified release; ER or XR, extended release; OROS, osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system; dMPH, dexmethylphenidate.