Table 1.
Countries where tick bites are associated with IgE responses to alpha-gal
| Country | Tick Species | Cases | Food Reaction | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | I. holocyclus | +400 | Beef, lamb, pork, kangaroo, goat, venison, rabbit Beef, lamb, pork, horse, kangaroo, gelatin | [25, 26] |
| USA | A. americanum | >1000 | Beef, lamb, pork, venison, cow's milk, squirrel/road kill | [19, 22] |
| France | 20 | Beef, veal, lamb, pork kidney, cow's milk rabbit, horse | [27,28] | |
| Spain | I. ricinus | 5 | Beef, lamb, pork, rabbit | [29] |
| Japan | 29 | Beef, pork | [30] | |
| Germany | I. ricinus | 60 | Beef, lamb, pork kidney, gelatin | [14, 31, 32] |
| Sweden | I. ricinus | 40 | Beef, pork, cow's milk, moose | [33] |
| Central America | A. cajennerise | 4 | Mammalian meat | [34] |