Table 1.

Overview of Malaysian and Thai cigarette markets and sample characteristics

	Malaysia	Thailand
Adult prevalence (within last month)
Male	46.4%	42.2%
Female	1.6%	2.8%
% Smokers factory made only#	82.6	41.8
% Smokers RYO only#	7.6	32.9
% Mixed FM and RYO#	9.8	25.3
Tar, nicotine, CO labelling	Maximum only (20 mg tar, 1.5 mg nicotine) since 1994	Never
Lights branding	English only	Imported: English (since 1992)
	Since 1992	TTM: English/Thai (since 1994) (banned Mar 2007)
Sample characteristics
N	1670	1370
Age groups (%)*
18e24	18.4	9.8
25e39	34.5	31.4
40e54	31.5	42.5
55+	15.6	16.3
Sex
Female (%)*	3.9	3.9
Locality
Urban (%)*	63.7	31.5
Education levels (%)
No schooling/elementary	22.7	65.3
Secondary	64.5	24.0
Post-secondary	12.8	10.7
Income (%)
Low	32.8	30.5
Medium	32.4	32.4
High	34.8	37.2
Cig per day (%)*
5 or less	15.0	15.1
6e10	28.9	34.9
11e20	50.5	41.4
21+	5.6	8.6
Time to first cig (%)*
Immediately	10.7	24.6
Before breakfast	10.3	43.1
With/after breakfast	70.8	28.5
Later in the day	8.3	3.9
Plan to quit
Yes (%)*	54.5	42.6
Made quit attempt before (%)*	59.7	80.3
Awareness of smoking harm
Mean (SD)	5.30 (0.13)	5.71 (0.07)
Quit self-efficacy (%)
Not at all sure	38.5	35.7
Somewhat sure	41.7	36.9
Very sure	14.5	17.8
Extremely sure	5.2	9.6
Belief smoking has damage health (%)*
Not at all	27.8	6.1
Somewhat	54.1	28.2
Very much	18.1	65.7
Worried smoking will damage health (%)*
Not at all	18.6	7.2
Somewhat	55.7	36.9
Very much	25.7	55.9

TTM, Thailand Tobacco Monopoly; RYO roll your own.

^*Country differences at p<0.05.

^#Estimates from Young et al.¹⁹