Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2015 Oct;38(10):609–620. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.08.002

FIGURE 4. TBI induces microglial priming and reactivity to immune challenge.

FIGURE 4

Microglia are activated by TBI and respond by producing myriad cytokines and chemokines. This immediate response resolves and some microglia return to homeostasis; however a population of microglia develops a primed or pro-inflammatory profile. This profile is characterized by increased expression of MHCII and CD68. Following secondary insult, illustrated here as a peripheral immune challenge, these primed microglia become hyper-reactive and produce an amplified and prolonged pro-inflammatory response.