Table 2.
Factors associated with late detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) among Florida-born infants, 1998-2007
| Characteristic | Adjusted prevalence ratioa (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|
| Maternal / household | |
|
| |
| Mother’s age, years | |
| ≤ 24 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| 25-34 | Reference |
| ≥35 | 1.0 (0.9-1.0) |
| Mother’s race / ethnicity | |
| White, non-Hispanic | Reference |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) |
| Hispanic | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
| Asian / Pacific Islander and American Indian / Alaskan | 1.3 (0.8-2.0) |
| Mother’s education | |
| Less than high school graduate | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
| College or university (some or graduate) | Reference |
| Mother’s nativity: foreign-born | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) |
| Principal healthcare payer type on birth hospitalization recordb | |
| Private | Reference |
| Public | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| Self-Insured/Uninsured | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
| Birth hospital nursery level | |
| I | 1.9 (1.6-2.2) |
| II | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) |
| III | Reference |
|
| |
| Infant | |
|
| |
| Sex, female | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) |
| Preterm or very preterm birth (20-36 weeks) | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) |
| Non-cardiac congenital anomaly | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
| Plurality: multiple gestation | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| Critical congenital heart disease type (CCHD)c,d | |
| Single condition | |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)d | Reference |
| Aortic interruption/atresia/hypoplasia (AI/A) | 2.2 (1.4-3.4) |
| Coarctation/hypoplasia of aortic arch (COA) | 2.9 (2.1-4.0) |
| Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) | 2.5 (1.7-3.8) |
| Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)d | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) |
| Ebstein anomaly (EA) | 0.8 (0.6-1.7) |
| Pulmonary atresia (PA)d | 1.7 (1.1-2.7) |
| Single ventricle (SV) | 2.2 (1.1-4.1) |
| Truncus arteriosus (TA)d | 2.5 (1.7-3.8) |
| Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)d | 2.7 (1.8-4.0) |
| Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)d | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) |
| Tricuspid atresia (TRA)d | 1.3 (0.8-2.1) |
| Year of birth | |
| 1998 | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) |
| 1999 | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
| 2000 | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) |
| 2001 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) |
| 2002 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
| 2003 | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) |
| 2004 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) |
| 2005 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) |
| 2006 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
| 2007 | Reference |
Bold results indicate p-value <0.05
Adjusted models controlled for all characteristics listed in the table. The results shown here are for the multivariable model which examined the effect of CCHD type for infants with a single CCHD, and therefore excludes infants with multiple CCHDs.
Private insurance included employer-based insurance (including Tricare). Public insurance included Medicare, Medicaid, Veteran’s Administration insurance, and other state and local government insurance in Florida, such as KidCare.
CCHD identified by ICD-9-CM codes: HLHS: 746.7, AI/A: 747.11, 747.22; COA: 747.10; DORV: 745.11; d-TGA: 745.10; EA: 746.2; PA: 746.01; SV: 745.3; TA: 745.0; TAPVC: 747.41; TOF: 745.2; TRA: 746.1.