Table 1.

Average charge of cytochrome c in water, 200 mM ammonium acetate (AA), 200 mM ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) and denaturing solution (45/54/1 methanol, water, acetic acid by volume) with supercharging reagents added at the optimal concentration for maximal charging.

	Water	AA	ABC		Denaturing
No Additive	8.2 ± 0.3+	6.9 ± 0.1+	7.4 ± 0.2+	No Additive	14.9 ± 0.3+
1.5% m-NBA	11.3 ± 0.5+	10.8 ± 0.1+	7.6 ± 0.2+	5% m-NBA	21.6 ± 0.4+
5% sulfolane	11.7 ± 0.2+	12.9 ± 0.1+	7.4 ± 0.1+	10% sulfolane	20.4 ± 0.2+
5% PC	10.5 ± 0.2+	8.9 ± 0.4+	7.7 ± 0.1+	15% PC	21.1 ± 0.3+
2% 2-thiophenone	18.5 ± 0.1+	--	--	0.5% 2-thiophenone	17.3 ± 0.1+
2% HD	17.8 ± 1.1+	15.4 ± 0.1+	6.9 ± 0.1+	5% HD	20.8 ± 0.1+