Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Propensity Score-Matched Satin Users and Nonusers
| Statin nonusers no. (%) (n = 3351) | statin users no. (%) (n = 3351) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 53 ± 11 | 53 ± 11 | 0.72 |
| Female sex | 1285 (38.3) | 1314 (39.2) | 0.48 |
| Smoking | 241 (7.2) | 237 (7.1) | 0.89 |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 29 (0.9) | 31 (0.9) | 0.80 |
| Substance-related disorders | 12 (0.4) | 8 (0.2) | 0.38 |
| Comorbidities in baseline period | |||
| Charlson comorbidity scorea, mean (SD) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Overweight/obese | 493 (14.7) | 455 (13.6) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension b | 1704 (50.9) | 1678 (50.1) | 0.54 |
| Acute kidney injury | 5 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 1.0 |
| Asthma b | 102 (3.0) | 96 (2.9) | 0.71 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 118 (3.5) | 108 (3.2) | 0.27 |
| Gastritis/duodenitis | 61 (1.8) | 68 (2.0) | 0.59 |
| Nonspecific chest painc | 301 (9.0) | 326 (9.7) | 0.31 |
| Heart disease not otherwise specifiedc | 18 (0.5) | 15 (0.4) | 0.73 |
| Osteoarthritis, arthropathy, and back disorder | 1534 (45.8) | 1548 (46.2) | 0.75 |
| Sprains, strains, and trauma-related joint disorders | 596 (17.8) | 603 (18) | 0.85 |
| Fracture of bone | 103 (3.1) | 110 (3.3) | 0.68 |
| Osteoporosis | 132 (3.9) | 112 (3.3) | 0.22 |
| Rehabilitation care, fitting of prostheses, and adjustment of devices | 506 (15.1) | 544 (16.2) | 0.21 |
| Health care utilization at baseline | |||
| Number of inpatient admissions during baseline period, mean ± SD | 0.08 ± 0.3 | 0.08 ± 0.3 | 0.82 |
| Number of outpatient medical encounters during baseline period, mean ± SD | 21.1 ± 22.7 | 21.1 ± 19.1 | 0.97 |
| Number of encounters for immunization during baseline period, mean ± SD | 0.40 ± 1.1 | 0.42 ± 1.14 | 0.37 |
| Receive immunization and screening for infectious disease | 643 (19.2) | 670 (20) | 0.41 |
| Medications at baseline | |||
| Beta-blocker | 428 (12.8) | 459 (13.7) | 0.28 |
| Diuretic | 728 (21.7) | 742 (22.1) | 0.71 |
| ACE/ARB | 886 (26.4) | 899 (26.8) | 0.72 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 384 (11.5) | 395 (11.8) | 0.70 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 861 (25.7) | 863 (25.8) | 0.98 |
| Aspirin | 777 (23.2) | 826 (24.6) | 0.16 |
| NSAID | 1911 (57.0) | 1926 (57.5) | 0.73 |
| Bisphosphonate | 215 (6.4) | 201 (6.0) | 0.50 |
| Sedatives | 519 (15.5) | 525 (15.7) | 0.84 |
| SSRI | 441 (13.2) | 456 (13.6) | 0.62 |
| Antipsychotic | 30 (0.9) | 26 (0.8) | 0.69 |
| Tricyclic anti-depressants | 7 (0.2) | 5 (0.1) | 0.77 |
| Systemic corticosteroid | 63 (1.9) | 72 (2.1) | 0.49 |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 436 (13.0) | 420 (12.5) | 0.58 |
| Testosterone | 15 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 1.0 |
| Cytochrome p450 | 182 (5.4) | 193 (5.8) | 0.60 |
| Non-statin lipid lowering drugs | 194 (5.8) | 217 (6.5) | 0.26 |
| Oral hypoglycemic | 16 (0.5) | 16 (0.5) | 1.0 |
| Antiplatelet agents (other than aspirin) | 10 (0.3) | 13 (0.4) | 0.68 |
| Warfarin | 16 (0.5) | 14 (0.4) | 0.86 |
ACE/ARB angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, Cytochrome p450 medications that inhibit the cytochrome p450 system as identified in a recent FDA warning,55 HIV human immunodeficiency virus, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SD standard deviation, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
aDiagnosis is based on ICD-9-CM codes as identified in the Deyo method for applying the Charlson comorbidity score17
bWe included patients with hypertension but excluded those with hypertension with complications, secondary hypertension, or end-organ damage. Similarly, we included patients with asthma but excluded those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, respiratory failure, or insufficiency as detailed in the "Research Design and Methods" section
cAlthough these patients had no other diagnosis codes indicative of cardiovascular disease, they were more likely to be seen by cardiologists and to be started on statin therapy; therefore, we included these baseline characteristics in the propensity score matching