Table 1.
LV dyssynchrony (assessed by dispersion of QRS-to-peak strain), stroke volume and dP/dtmax in rapid ventricular pacing (VP) beats, and ectopic ventricular and atrial beats (PVCs and PACs, respectively) at different locations and coupling intervals.
| Ectopic Coupling Interval | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Ectopic beat Origin | 200ms | 250ms | 300ms | 375ms | VP 400ms | P Value† |
| Dispersion of QRS-to-Peak Strain (ms) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| PAC (R-R 290–430ms) | - | - | 8.6 (−46, 63) | 38 (−10, 85) | - | 0.42 |
| RV apex PVC | 96 (60, 132) | 114 (78, 151) | 175 (138, 211) | 221 (178, 264) | 106 (67, 146) | <0.0001 |
| RV outflow tract PVC | 101 (65, 136) | 139 (103, 174) | 147 (111, 182) | 206 (163, 248) | 80 (41, 118) | 0.0038 |
| LV free wall PVC | 89 (53, 125) | 142 (105, 178) | 131 (94, 167) | 235 (192, 278) | 72 (33, 111) | <0.0001 |
| P Value * | 0.89 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.40 | |
|
| ||||||
| Stroke Volume (mL) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| PAC (R-R 290–430ms) | - | - | 5.3 (2.7, 8.0) | 9.6 (7.0, 12.3) | 18.3 (15.7, 20.9) | <0.0001 |
| RV apex PVC | 2.5 (−0.1, 5.1) | 3.3 (0.7, 5.9) | 6.5 (3.9, 9.1) | 10.2 (7.6, 12.9) | 16.9 (14.3, 19.5) | <0.0001 |
| RV outflow tract PVC | 4.1 (1.5, 6.7) | 7.2 (4.6, 9.8) | 9.1 (6.5, 11.7) | 14.8 (12.2, 17.4) | 17.3 (14.7, 19.8) | <0.0001 |
| LV free wall PVC | 2.6 (0.0, 5.2) | 5.0 (2.4, 7.6) | 8.3 (5.7, 10.9) | 12.3 (9.7, 14.8) | 16.4 (13.9, 19.0) | <0.0001 |
| P Value * | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0240 | |
|
| ||||||
| dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| PAC (R-R 290–430ms) | - | - | 570 (165, 975) | 763 (363, 1163) | 1886 (1489, 2284) | <0.0001 |
| RV apex PVC | 80 (−318, 478) | 410 (12, 807) | 737 (339, 1134) | 1045 (647, 144) | 1424 (1027, 1821) | <0.0001 |
| RV outflow tract PVC | 299 (−99, 696) | 640 (242, 1038) | 1058 (660, 1455) | 1178 (780, 1575) | 1478 (1081, 1874) | <0.0001 |
| LV free wall PVC | 122 (−276, 520) | 412 (15, 810) | 866 (469, 1264) | 1056 (659, 1453) | 1553 (1156, 1950) | 0.0007 |
| P Value * | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
Data expressed in mean (95% CI).
*
P-values assessing the mean differences between the ventricular ectopic origins do not include PACs (LA appendage).
†
P-values assessing the difference between the ectopic coupling intervals do not include ROP 400.