Figure 4.
Panel A: Association of African-American race with incident CHD and with incident AMI, CABG and PCI in the overall cohort of 3,072,966 veterans. White patients served as referent. Panel B: Associations of race with incident CHD in patients with and without an incident stroke. Strokes were entered in the models as time dependent covariates, and models were estimated by including multiplicative interaction terms between race and stroke. White patients without stroke served as referent. Model 1: unadjusted, Model 2: age, gender, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 3: Model 2 variables plus comorbidities; Model 4: Model 3 variables plus baseline body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; Model 5: Model 4 variables plus mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment and persistent poverty, frequency of VA healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, and receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center.