Association of African-American race with various outcomes in pre-defined subgroups of the overall cohort of 3,072,966 veterans. White patients served as referent. Models were adjusted for age, gender, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, comorbidities, baseline body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean income, marital status, service connectedness, area-level housing stress, low education, low employment and persistent poverty, frequency of VA healthcare encounters, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, and receipt of influenza vaccination(s), and each patient’s VA healthcare center.