. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Jul 31;8(5):665–676. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001138

Table 1.

Heart Defect Rates in E17.5 embryos of nondiabetic and diabetic dams

Experimental	group	Glucose level(mg/dl)	Embryo Genotype	Total embryos	Total heart defect embryos	Embryos with specific heart defects

						VSD	VSD with AO	PTA
ND	WT ♂ × WT ♀ (8 litters)	140.8±9.3	WT	48	0	0	0	0

	SOD1-Tg ♂ × WT ♀ (14 litters)	124.8±12.6	WT	42	0	0	0	0
			SOD1	41	0	0	0	0

DM	WT ♂ × WT ♀ (9 litters)	433.8±20.6	WT	50	13 (26%)^*	6	3	4

	SOD1-Tg ♂ × WT ♀ (14 litters)	443.6±14.7	WT	40	10 (25%)^*	5	2	3
			SOD1	45	0	0	0	0

DM+Insulin	SOD1-Tg ♂ × WT ♀ (9 litters)	250.9±26.9	WT	31	2 (6.0%)^†	2	0	0
DM+Insulin	SOD1-Tg ♂ × WT ♀ (9 litters)		SOD1	29	0	0	0	0

ND: nondiabetic; DM: diabetes Mellitus; DM+Insulin: insulin pellets were maintained throughout the course of experiments. WT: wild-type; Tg: Transgenic; ♂: male and ♀: female (dams); VSD: ventricular septal defects; AO: aorta over-riding; PTA: persistent truncus arteriosus.

indicate significant difference compared with SOD1 overexpressing embryos and embryos in the ND group.

^†

depict significant difference compared with WT embryos from WT males and WT DM dams.