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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2014 Dec 15;25(1):89–95. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051742

Table 3.

Adjusted estimates and GEE analysis examining differences in health warning labels on salience, perceptions, and behaviour between pre-policy (Wave 2) and post-policy (Wave 3).

Wave 2 (Pre-Policy) Wave 3 (Post-Policy) Difference between Wave 3 and Wave 2

Outcome % (95% CI) % (95% CI) OR (95% CI) Wald ChiSq df p-value
Noticed health warnings often/very often 64.5 (59.6, 69.5) 72.3 (68.4, 76.3) 1.44 (1.07, 1.93) 5.97 1 0.015
Read health warnings often/very often 40.5 (35.9, 45.2) 49.2 (45.2, 53.2) 1.42 (1.13, 1.79) 9.19 1 0.002
Health warnings make you think of risks somewhat/a lot 31.5 (27.4, 35.6) 43.3 (38.5, 48.1) 1.66 (1.27, 2.19) 13.50 1 <0.001
Health warnings make you think about quitting somewhat/a lot 20.6 (17.3, 23.9) 31.3 (27.5, 35.0) 1.76 (1.34, 2.29) 17.18 1 <0.001
Made efforts to avoid looking at health warnings 12.1 (9.3, 14.8) 24.4 (20.2, 28.5) 2.35 (1.65, 3.34) 22.46 1 <0.001
Health warnings stopped you from having a cigarette many times 1.9 (1.0, 2.8) 6.1 (4.1, 8.2) 3.42 (1.77, 6.59) 13.56 1 <0.001
Should be more health information on cigarette packs 28.3 (24.3,32.4) 28.8 (24.6,33.0) 1.03 (0.77, 1.36) 0.03 1 0.864

Note: Results are weighted and include current smokers only

CI, Confidence interval; df, Degrees of freedom; OR, Odds ratio