Table 3.
Multivariate-adjusteda Prediabetes Prevalence for U.S. Adults Aged ≥65 Years by Sociodemographic Characteristics, NHANES, 1999–2010
| Prediabetes status/characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95% CI) by survey period | Absolute prevalence change | Prevalence (95% CI) by survey period | Absolute prevalence change | |||
| 1999–2004 | 2005–2010 | 1999–2004 | 2005–2010 | |||
| Prediabetesb | ||||||
| Older adults aged | ||||||
| ≥65 years | 46.0 (41.9, 50.1) | 48.4 (44.6, 52.2) | 2.4 | 40.5 (36.7, 44.3) | 48.3 (45.0, 51.7) | 7.8** |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 65–74 | 44.0 (38.2, 49.8) | 47.2 (41.9, 52.5) | 3.2 | 38.5 (33.3, 43.7) | 48.0 (42.5, 53.5) | 9.5* |
| ≥75 | 49.1 (43.3, 54.9) | 50.4 (45.4, 55.4) | 1.3 | 42.8 (36.9, 48.7) | 48.5 (44.0, 53.0) | 5.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 46.8 (42.3, 51.3) | 49.2 (44.7, 53.7) | 2.4 | 40.7 (36.3, 45.1) | 49.4 (45.4, 53.4) | 8.7** |
| Non-Hispanic black | 35.7 (25.4, 46.0) | 33.4 (24.7, 42.1) | −2.3 | 38.6 (31.1, 46.1) | 37.6 (28.4, 46.8) | −1.0 |
| Mexican American | 41.4 (33.0, 49.8) | 45.3 (32.6, 58.0) | 3.9 | 37.6 (29.0, 46.2) | 37.6 (28.5, 46.7) | 0.0 |
| Other | 49.4 (30.6, 68.2) | 56.7 (44.5, 68.9) | 7.3 | 42.1 (29.5, 54.7) | 53.6 (41.4, 65.8) | 11.5 |
| PIR group | ||||||
| <1.0 | 41.0 (31.7, 50.3) | 47.3 (38.0, 56.6) | 6.3 | 43.4 (32.0, 54.8) | 52.8 (42.7, 62.9) | 9.4 |
| 1–2.9 | 47.5 (41.4, 53.6) | 46.7 (41.8, 51.6) | −0.8 | 42.3 (38.2, 46.4) | 48.7 (44.0, 53.4) | 6.4** |
| ≥3.0 | 45.5 (39.3, 51.7) | 50.2 (43.9, 56.5) | 4.7 | 36.4 (28.4, 44.4) | 45.9 (40.1, 51.7) | 9.5 |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 43.5 (36.3, 50.7) | 44.3 (36.1, 52.5) | 0.8 | 34.2 (27.3, 41.1) | 48.0 (43.1, 52.9) | 13.8** |
| High school graduate | 48.6 (40.4, 56.8) | 48.1 (40.0, 56.2) | −0.5 | 43.2 (34.9, 51.5) | 44.7 (38.5, 50.9) | 1.5 |
| Some college or higher | 46.1 (39.9, 52.3) | 50.9 (46.4, 55.4) | 4.8 | 43.2 (37.5, 48.9) | 51.4 (45.9, 56.9) | 8.2* |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 46.5 (42.1, 50.9) | 48.0 (43.7, 52.3) | 1.5 | 41.7 (36.6, 46.8) | 50.3 (46.3, 54.3) | 8.6* |
| Yes | 43.1 (35.0, 51.2) | 50.5 (42.5, 58.5) | 7.4 | 38.4 (32.9, 43.9) | 44.7 (38.5, 50.9) | 6.3 |
| BMI group (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal (<25) | 44.9 (37.3, 52.5) | 46.0 (39.9, 52.1) | 1.1 | 33.7 (28.3, 39.1) | 45.7 (39.3, 52.1) | 12.0** |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 48.6 (43.5, 53.7) | 53.3 (47.2, 59.4) | 4.7 | 46.9 (39.9, 53.9) | 54.3 (49.1, 59.5) | 7.4 |
| Obese (≥30) | 43.7 (34.7, 52.7) | 44.4 (38.0, 50.8) | 0.7 | 41.0 (34.3, 47.7) | 44.8 (38.5, 51.1) | 3.8 |
| HbA1c5.7 | ||||||
| Older adults aged | ||||||
| ≥65 years | 20.3 (17.3, 23.3) | 27.8 (23.3, 32.3) | 7.5** | 22.3 (19.0, 25.7) | 34.5 (30.4, 38.6) | 12.2*** |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 65–74 | 17.2 (12.7, 21.7) | 26.8 (20.8, 32.8) | 9.6* | 23.0 (18.6, 27.4) | 33.1 (26.2, 40.0) | 10.1* |
| ≥75 | 25.1 (20.9, 29.3) | 29.5 (24.7, 34.3) | 4.4 | 21.4 (16.3, 26.5) | 36.1 (32.1, 40.1) | 14.7*** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 18.8 (15.3, 22.3) | 27.1 (21.6, 32.6) | 8.3* | 21.1 (17.3, 24.9) | 34.8 (29.8, 39.8) | 13.7*** |
| Non-Hispanic black | 28.5 (19.9, 37.1) | 24.6 (16.6, 32.6) | −3.9 | 28.0 (19.3, 36.7) | 33.0 (23.6, 42.4) | 5.0 |
| Mexican American | 24.5 (16.4, 32.6) | 31.7 (19.1, 44.3) | 7.2 | 23.8 (16.7, 30.9) | 26.9 (18.4, 35.4) | 3.1 |
| Other | 27.6 (13.7, 41.5) | 39.3 (24.2, 54.4) | 11.7 | 29.5 (18.9, 40.1) | 36.3 (24.1, 48.5) | 6.8 |
| PIR group | ||||||
| <1.0 | 18.7 (11.3, 26.1) | 19.4 (11.9, 26.9) | 0.7 | 21.1 (13.7, 28.5) | 40.1 (29.9, 50.3) | 19.0** |
| 1.0–2.9 | 22.8 (17.2, 28.4) | 25.8 (20.2, 31.4) | 3.0 | 24.0 (19.3, 28.7) | 34.6 (29.7, 39.5) | 10.6** |
| ≥3.0 | 18.0 (12.8, 23.2) | 31.5 (25.6, 37.4) | 13.5** | 20.0 (14.2, 25.8) | 32.4 (25.1, 39.7) | 12.4** |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 18.9 (12.7, 25.1) | 27.3 (18.3, 36.3) | 8.4 | 20.7 (14.3, 27.1) | 30.7 (24.1, 37.3) | 10.0* |
| High school graduate | 25.0 (17.6, 32.4) | 30.4 (22.3, 38.5) | 5.4 | 23.0 (16.5, 29.5) | 31.5 (23.9, 39.1) | 8.5 |
| Some college or higher | 18.8 (13.9, 23.7) | 27.0 (21.1, 32.9) | 8.2* | 22.6 (16.3, 28.9) | 39.8 (35.4, 44.2) | 17.2*** |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 19.9 (16.6, 23.2) | 26.7 (21.7, 31.7) | 6.8* | 23.3 (18.7, 27.9) | 34.9 (30.1, 39.7) | 11.6** |
| Yes | 22.2 (16.3, 28.1) | 33.6 (25.5, 41.7) | 11.4* | 20.5 (16.2, 24.8) | 33.9 (27.0, 40.8) | 13.4*** |
| BMI group (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal (<25) | 17.5 (11.8, 23.2) | 23.6 (16.6, 30.6) | 6.1 | 16.8 (11.9, 21.7) | 33.4 (26.4, 40.4) | 16.6*** |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 20.7 (16.0, 25.4) | 29.4 (22.6, 36.2) | 8.7* | 25.4 (18.6, 32.2) | 40.1 (32.7, 47.5) | 14.7** |
| Obese (≥30) | 22.5 (14.6, 30.4) | 29.9 (22.6, 37.2) | 7.4 | 24.9 (19.0, 30.8) | 29.9 (22.9, 36.9) | 5.0 |
| IFG | ||||||
| Older adults aged | ||||||
| ≥65 years | 40.5 (36.0, 45.0) | 40.1 (36.7, 43.5) | −0.4 | 33.5 (29.8, 37.2) | 31.4 (27.7, 35.1) | −2.1 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 65–74 | 37.4 (31.8, 43.0) | 38.1 (33.0, 43.2) | 0.7 | 31.2 (26.2, 36.2) | 30.8 (25.6, 36.0) | −0.4 |
| ≥75 | 45.2 (38.7, 51.7) | 43.1 (38.3, 47.9) | −2.1 | 36.2 (30.5, 41.9) | 32.1 (26.7, 37.5) | −4.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 41.6 (36.6, 46.6) | 40.9 (36.7, 45.1) | −0.7 | 34.8 (30.6, 39.0) | 33.1 (28.8, 37.4) | −1.7 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 25.2 (15.6, 34.8) | 22.7 (14.0, 31.4) | −2.5 | 24.6 (17.2, 32.0) | 14.8 (9.4, 20.2) | −9.8* |
| Mexican American | 32.6 (25.9, 39.3) | 33.9 (20.8, 47.0) | 1.3 | 31.0 (23.1, 38.9) | 27.3 (19.5, 35.1) | −3.7 |
| Other | 46.3 (26.9, 65.7) | 50.9 (38.7, 63.1) | 4.6 | 29.9 (13.2, 46.6) | 35.4 (21.7, 49.1) | 5.5 |
| PIR group | ||||||
| <1.0 | 34.7 (23.0, 46.4) | 40.7 (30.9, 50.5) | 6.0 | 36.6 (23.8, 49.4) | 33.3 (23.5, 43.1) | −3.3 |
| 1.0–2.9 | 41.0 (34.7, 47.3) | 39.3 (35.1, 43.5) | −1.7 | 35.7 (31.3, 40.1) | 33.1 (28.6, 37.6) | −2.6 |
| ≥3.0 | 41.1 (35.2, 47.0) | 40.8 (35.1, 46.5) | −0.3 | 28.6 (20.0, 37.2) | 27.8 (22.0, 33.6) | −0.8 |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 38.6 (31.4, 45.8) | 37.0 (28.6, 45.4) | −1.6 | 28.8 (22.3, 35.3) | 32.9 (27.8, 38.0) | 4.1 |
| High school graduate | 41.3 (33.4, 49.2) | 36.4 (28.4, 44.4) | −4.9 | 34.4 (27.2, 41.6) | 29.8 (24.0, 35.6) | −4.6 |
| Some college or higher | 41.2 (34.9, 47.5) | 43.6 (38.9, 48.3) | 2.4 | 36.6 (30.7, 42.5) | 31.7 (25.3, 38.1) | −4.9 |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 40.8 (36.3, 45.3) | 40.3 (36.8, 43.8) | −0.5 | 34.5 (29.9, 39.1) | 32.5 (28.3, 36.7) | −2.0 |
| Yes | 38.8 (29.6, 48.0) | 39.2 (29.8, 48.6) | 0.4 | 31.9 (26.1, 37.7) | 29.5 (23.9, 35.1) | −2.4 |
| BMI group (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal (<25) | 38.6 (30.9, 46.3) | 36.3 (30.2, 42.4) | −2.3 | 26.3 (21.1, 31.5) | 25.1 (19.4, 30.8) | −1.2 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 43.3 (37.8, 48.8) | 45.4 (39.5, 51.3) | 2.1 | 40.1 (33.7, 46.5) | 35.7 (29.8, 41.6) | −4.4 |
| Obese (≥30) | 38.7 (29.7, 47.7) | 36.7 (30.7, 42.7) | −2.0 | 34.0 (27.5, 40.5) | 33.5 (27.5, 39.5) | −0.5 |
Note: p values were calculated from a t-test. Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001).
a
Estimated from a logistic regression model, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, PIR, education, living alone, and BMI. Individuals for other racial/ethnic groups are included in the denominator but their separate estimates are not presented.
b
Prediabetes is defined by HbA1c5.7 and/or IFG.
HbA1c5.7, hemoglobin A1c=5.7%–6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol); IFG, impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose=100–125 mg/dL); NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PIR, poverty-income ratio.