Table 1.

Summary of psychological outcomes scales.

Psychological scales	#Items	α	Sample item	Response options
Anxiety	20	0.87	I feared of losing control.	4-point response option (‘not at all’ to ‘a lot’)
Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) [17,18]
Depression	10	0.88	I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.	4-point response option (‘not at all’ to ‘a lot’)
Shorten version of Center for Epidemio- logical Studies Depression Scale for Children (CESD-10) [19]
Positive coping with HIV	25	0.93	I accept AIDS symptoms (fever, body weakness).	5-point response option (‘never’ to ‘always’)
Family Coping Project Coping Scale (FCPCS) [20]
Resilience	10	0.96	I think of myself as a strong person.	5-point response option (‘never’ to ‘always’)
The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resili- ence Scale(10-item CD-RISC) [21]
Family relationship	10	0.95	Family members express their true feelings to each other.	5-point response option (‘totally disagree’ to ‘totally agree’)
Family Communication Scale (FCS) [22]
Parent–child relationship	7	0.85	Do you often talk with your child about things that are personally important to you?	Yes/no
Parental lack of self-disclosure [23]
Social support	28	0.98	Someone will provide me with the advice I need.	5-point response option (‘never’ to ‘always’)
The Multidimensional Scale of Per- ceived Social Support (MSPSS) [24]
The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS-C) [25]
Stigma	14	0.94	I feel guilty because I have HIV.	4-point response option (‘totally disagree’ to ‘totally agree’)
The Berger HIV Stigma Scale [26]