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. 2015 Oct 21;46:122. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0252-6

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© Totté et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effect of free Mmm galactan on TNF-α ( A ), IL-12p40 ( B ), and IL-10 ( C ) release by bovine macrophages. Cells were incubated for 48 h with galactan (EPS) at 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/mL, or with E. coli LPS and medium only as positive and negative (C−) controls respectively. Estimation of cytokine production was performed by ELISA. Results are expressed as mean (±SD) protein concentrations of three different experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) with the negative control.