Table 3. Effect of Distress.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WTP dummy | WTP | Intention to quit | Intention to avoid | Depth of processing | Risk perception | |
| Upset | -1.78 (.05)*** | -.02 (.001)*** | 1.23 (.02)*** | 1.46 (.02)*** | 1.08 (.01)*** | 1.29 (.01)*** |
| Const | .00 (.00) | .26 (.07)*** | .58 (.06)*** | 1.04 (.04)*** | .75 (.05)*** | |
| N. Obs | 15324 | 21768 | 20713 | 35207 | 55915 | 55920 |
| LR test | 1331.33*** | |||||
| F test | 117.01*** | 1884.72*** | 3590.88*** | 4186.99*** | 5249.69*** | |
| R2 | .01 | .06 | .07 | .04 | .06 | |
| Hausman test | 486.11*** | 110.57*** | 696.54*** | 1414.85*** | 1353.37*** | 2114.98*** |
Note: All the estimations are done with Two Stages Fixed Effects. Column (1) is a Fixed Effects Logit; columns (2)-(6) are Fixed Effects Linear regression. Each column corresponds to a regression; the dependent variable is indicated at the top of the column. Instruments are the 98 stimuli of the study (84 CWs and 14 textual warnings).
* indicates statistical significance at 10%
** at 5%
*** at 1%.
Standard errors in parenthesis. The Hausman test in all columns (including 1) is based on the linear estimator (Fixed Effects versus Two stages Fixed Effects).